Table 4.

Direct and indirect effects and 95% confidence intervals in final model 3.

Model pathways	Estimated effect	95% CI
		Lower bounds	Upper bounds
Total effect
AL→ DWB	0.48∗∗∗	0.36	0.59
Direct effects
AL→PCV	0.27∗∗∗	0.18	0.36
AL→ OC	0.35∗∗∗	0.27	0.42
PCV→ OC	0.85∗∗∗	0.78	0.92
OC→ DWB	0.84∗∗∗	0.77	0.90
Indirect effects
AL→OC→DWB	0.29∗∗	0.18	0.42
PCV→ OC→ DWB	0.71∗∗∗	0.62	0.80
AL→ PCV→ OC→ DWB	0.19∗	0.08	0.31

AL, authoritarian leadership; OC, organizational cynicism; PCV, psychological contract violation; DWB, deviant workplace behaviors.

^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.