Table 2.
Outcomes vs placebo: |
Reduction in CV death (3.7% vs 5.9%, HR 0.62) |
Reduction in all-cause mortality (5.7% vs 8.3%, HR 0.68) |
Reduction in hospitalization for heart failure (2.7% vs 4.1%, HR 0.65) |
Surrogate effects: |
Osmotic diuresis |
Lowers blood sugar: HbA1c reduction of −0.66%21 |
Lowers blood pressure: WMD reduction of −4.19 mmHg/−1.88 mmHg21 |
Lowers weight: 1.84 kg reduction21 |
Lowers waist circumference: ~2 cm reduction18 |
Decrease in pulse pressure: 2.3 mmHg reduction27 |
Increases HDL: increases ~2 mg/dL18 |
Decreases uric acid: decreases 0.4 mg/dL18 |
Abbreviations: CV, cardiovascular; HR, hazard ratio; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; WMD, weighted mean difference; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.