Table 4.

Risk factors of PLBP, identified by logistic regression analysis

Risk factors	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Age	0.788 (0.264–2.357)	0.670
Gender	1.745 (0.561–5.422)	0.336
BMI	0.453 (0.139–1.481)	0.190
Preoperative back pain	5.548 (1.443–21.330)	0.013
Surgical strategy	0.905 (0.294–2.787)	0.862
Surgical segment	3.891 (1.239–15.773)	0.025
Number of fusion levels	0.906 (0.292–2.811)	0.864
Surgery time	0.584 (0.180–1.894)	0.370
Blood loss	0.779 (0.255–2.377)	0.661
Size of incision	1.217 (0.378–3.919)	0.743
Preoperative lumbar lordosis	2.315 (0.723–7.416)	0.157
Correction of lumbar lordosis	1.672 (0.524–5.332)	0.385
Preoperative lumbar mobility	2.765 (0.783–9.757)	0.114
Modic changes	1.157 (0.903–1.483)	0.250
Preoperative FIR	3.768 (1.226–13.983)	0.029

Abbreviations: PLBP, persistent low back pain; CI confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; FIR, fatty infiltration rate.