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. 2017 Apr 15;195(8):1000–1009. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0822OC

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression in asthma. (A) Total MMP-1 protein measured by ELISA in bronchial washings from 16 patients with mild or moderate asthma, defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria and 11 healthy control subjects. Those with asthma have significantly higher MMP-1 levels. **P = 0.002, Mann-Whitney U test. (B) Western blot of bronchial washings from five representative patients with asthma and five healthy control subjects. A single band of 55 kD consistent with pro–MMP-1 is present in those with asthma but not detectable in healthy control subjects. (C) Total and active MMP-1 activity measured by fluorokine activity assay in patients described in A. Total MMP-1 protein is low in healthy control subjects and significantly elevated in those with asthma, **P < 0.01. MMP-1 activity is undetectable in control subjects and low in those with asthma. (D) Total MMP-1 protein measured by ELISA in cell culture supernatants from airway smooth muscle cells grown from bronchial biopsies from patients with mild or moderate asthma and healthy control subjects. **P = 0.002, Mann-Whitney U test.