Table 1. The list of clinically-relevant lncRNAs in PCa.

lncRNA	Full name	Clinical significance	Reference
HCG11	HLA complex group 11	Downregulated in PCa	(12)
		Low expression associated with higher BCR and poor survival
PCAT-14	Prostate cancer associated transcript-14	Low expression associated with poor outcome	(3)
PCA3	Prostate cancer antigen 3	First lncRNA identified in PCa	(9,13)
		Overexpressed in PCa
		Highly prostate-specific
		Modulates AR signaling
		Urine assay for PCa early detection (FDA-approved Progensa PCA3 assay to aid in the decision of repeat biopsy)
		Prognostic biomarker in combination with TMPRSS2-ERG
		Oncogenic lncRNA
PCGEM1	Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1	Overexpressed in PCa	(14,15)
		Associated with high-risk PCa
		Overexpressed in therapy resistant PCa
		Correlated with AR signaling
		Highly prostate-specific
		Oncogenic lncRNA
SCHLAP1	Second chromosome locus associated with prostate-1	Associated with aggressive PCa	(16-18)
		Overexpressed in advanced PCa
		High expression associated with BCR, clinical progression, metastasis and PCSM
		High expression significantly prognostic for metastatic progression
MALAT1	Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1	Overexpressed in PCa	(19,20)
		Diagnostic urinary biomarker for predicting PCa risk
		High expression associated with indicators of poor prognosis (high Gleason score, TNM stage and high PSA)
		Higher expression in castrate resistant PCa
UCA1	Urothelial carcinoma associated 1	Modulates RT response in PCa cell lines	(21)
		High expression associated with poor outcome
NEAT1	Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1	Overexpressed in PCa	(22)
		High expression associated with PCa progression, aggressive disease and poor outcome

lncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs; PCa, prostate cancer; BCR, biochemical recurrence; AR, androgen receptor; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; PCSM, PCa-specific mortality; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RT, radiotherapy.