Coding of navigational affordances in artificially rendered environments is tolerant to visual differences. (A) Model RDM of navigational affordances. (B) RSA for scenes without paintings. The OPA, EVC, and RSC exhibited significant effects, perhaps reflecting low-level visual differences between the affordance conditions. (C) RSA for scenes with paintings. In these comparisons, low-level visual difference between the affordance conditions are reduced; nevertheless, strong coding for affordances is observed in the OPA. (D) RSA for scenes with and without paintings. In these comparisons, scenes with similar affordances are highly dissimilar with respect to low-level visual features, which accounts for the negative correlations in the EVC. Despite this, the coding of navigational affordances remained significant in the OPA. Error bars represent ± 1 SEM; *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.