Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author and year | Location | Study design | Study period | No. of patients | Da Vinci robotic system | Surgical techniques | Surgeons | Lebo distribution (right/left) | Pathologic stage (I/II/III, IV) | NOS scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jang et al. (2011) [18] | Korea | RCS | RATS: 2009, VATS: 2008–2009 | RATS (n = 40), VATS (n = 40) | da Vinci S system | RATS: four-arm RAL; VATS: four-port VATS | Same | RATS: 23/17, VATS: 26/14 | RATS: 22/8/7, VATS: 31/3/6 | 6 |
| Lee et al.(2012) [19] | Korea | RCS | RATS: 2008–2011, VATS: 2008–2011 | RATS (n = 100), VATS (n = 100) | NA | RATS: four-arm RAL; VATS: three ports VATS | Same | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | RATS: 69/20/11; VATS: 80/12/8 | 7 |
| Augustin et al.(2013) [20] | Australia | RCS | RATS: 2001–2008, VATS: 2009 | RATS (n = 26), VATS (n = 26) | NA | RATS: three-arm RAL; VATS: three ports VATS | Different | RATS: 16/10, VATS: 12/14 | RATS: 23/1/0; VATS: 18/2/5 | 7 |
| Adams et al. (2014) [21] | USA | RCS | RATS: 2010–2012, VATS: 2009–2010 | RATS (n = 120), VATS (n = 4612) | da Vinci Si system | RATS: four-arm CPRL; VATS: NA | NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | 7 |
| He et al. (2014) [22] | UK | RCS | RATS: 2012, VATS: 2012 | RATS (n = 30), VATS (n = 34) | NA | RATS: RAL; VATS: NA | NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | 6 |
| Kent et al. (2014) [23] | USA | RCS | RATS: 2008–2010, VATS: 2008–2010 | RATS (n = 340), VATS (n = 1020) | NA | RATS: NA; VATS: NA | Different | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | 6 |
| Paul et al. (2014) [24] | USA | RCS | RATS: 2008–2011, VATS: 2008–2011 | RATS (n = 2498), VATS (n = 37,595) | NA | RATS: NA; VATS: NA | NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | 6 |
| Swanson et al. (2014) [25] | USA | RCS | RATS: 2009–2011, VATS: 2009–2011 | RATS (n = 100), VATS (n = 100) | NA | RATS: NA; VATS: NA | NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | 7 |
| Lee et al. (2015) [26] | USA | RCS | RATS: 2012–2014, VATS: 2009–2014 | RATS (n = 53), VATS (n = 158) | da Vinci S system | RATS: four-arm CPRL; VATS: two-port VATS | Different | RATS: 34/19, VATS: 99/59 | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | 8 |
| Mahieu et al. (2016) [27] | France | RCS | RATS: 2012–2013, VATS: 2009–2010 | RATS (n = 28), VATS (n = 28) | da Vinci S system | RATS: three-arm CPRL; VATS: three ports VATS | Same | RATS: 12/6, VATS: 15/8 | RATS: 8/5/4, VATS: 11/5/8 | 7 |
| Yang et al. (2017) [28] | USA | RCS | RATS: 2002–2012, VATS: 2002–2012 | RATS (n = 172), VATS (n = 141) | da Vinci system | RATS: three-arm or four-arm; VATS: NA | Different | RATS: 110/62, VATS: 88/53 | RATS: 133/29/10, VATS: 114/21/6 | 8 |
| Louie et al. (2016) [29] | USA | RCS | RATS: 2009–2013, VATS: 2009–2013 | RATS (n = 1220), VATS (n = 12,378) | NA | RATS: NA; VATS: NA | NA | RATS: 757/439, VATS: 7618/4648 | RATS: NA, VATS: NA | 7 |
RCS retrospective cohort study, RATS robot-assisted thoracic surgery, VATS video-assisted thoracic surgery, RAL robot-assisted lobectomy, CPRL completely portal robot lobectomy, NA not available