Table 3.
Results of logistic regressions predicting support for various statements concerning alcohol and intoxication at football arenasa
| Statement (dependent variable) | Male gender OR (95% CI), p b |
High levelc of education OR (95% CI), p |
Frequent visitor at a football arenad OR (95% CI), p | Hazardous alcohol usee
OR (95% CI), p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcoholics beverages should be sold at football arenas | 3.5 (2.9–4.3), <0.001 | NS | 1.8 (1.5–2.3), < 0.001 | 2.4 (2.0–2.9), < 0.001 |
| Medium strength beer should be sold at football arenas | 2.7 (2.3–3.2), <0.001 | NS | 1.7 (1.3–2.1), < 0.001 | 2.1 (1.8–2.5), < 0.001 |
| Full strength beer/wine should be sold at football arenas | 4.1 (3.4–5.0), <0.001 | NS | 1.6 (1.3–2.1), < 0.001 | 2.7 (2.2–3.2), < 0.001 |
| Hard liquor should be sold at football arenas | 3.6 (2.7–4.8), <0.001 | NS | NS | 1.9 (1.5–2.5), < 0.001 |
| Obviously intoxicated persons should be denied entrance to football arenas | NS | NS | NS | 0.7 (0.5–0.9), 0.018 |
| Obviously intoxicated spectators should be denied alcohol service at football arenas | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Obviously intoxicated spectators should be evicted from the arena | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| There should be sections at football arenas where alcohol cannot be purchased | NS | NS | 0.5 (0.4–0.6), < 0.001 | NS |
| The number of bars and booths selling alcohol at football arenas should be limited | 0.4 (0.4–0.5), <0.001 | NS | 0.6 (0.5–0.7), < 0.001 | 0.6 (0.5–0.7), < 0.001 |
| More people would attend football matches if the number of obviously intoxicated spectators was reduced | 0.6 (0.5–0.7), <0.001 | NS | 0.4 (0.3–0.5), < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.6–0.9), 0.001 |
| The atmosphere at the arena grandstand would improve if the number of obviously intoxicated spectators was reduced | 0.4 (0.3–0.5), <0.001 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) 0.010 | 0.3 (0.2–0.4), < 0.001 | 0.6 (0.5–0.8), < 0.001 |
aAll models were adjusted for age
bOdds Ratios (ORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) and p values presented. NS: non-significant p values (i.e., ≥ 0.05)
cUniversity/college/folk high school vs elementary school/senior high school
dFrequent visitors were defined as participants who reported having attended a football match in the Swedish Premier Football League (SPFL) or the second highest division on one or more occasions during the past football season (i.e., the football season 2015)
eHazardous alcohol use defined as an AUDIT-C score of ≥ 4 for women and ≥ 5 for men