Figure 8.

Proposed cascade of the signaling events regulating the expression of IL-1β by MgT. In detail, attenuated levels of Mg²⁺ in APP/PS1 transgenic mice will elevate the production of IL-1β and Aβ via ERK1/2- and PPARγ-dependent pathways in glial cells of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brain, which in turn will potentially regulate the pathogenesis of AD. Interestingly, the highly secreted IL-1β and Aβ in the CSF are able to regulate the synthesis of IL-1β in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 mice. These observations might be instrumental for understanding the roles of Mg²⁺ in suppressing the neuroinflammation of AD.