Figure 5.

Tgm1 is upregulated in Tgm2^−/−;F13a1^−/− bmMSCs and its chemical inhibition promotes PPARγ and RANKL production. (a) qRT-PCR analyses of Tgm1 in bmMSCs shows significant upregulation in double null cells isolated from 2-month-old mice. Data is from three separate experiments. (b) PPARγ (Pparg) and (c) RANKL (Tnfsf11) expression in bmMSC after adipogenic treatment and NC9 increased adipogenic potential of and increased RANKL production in Tgm2^−/−;F13a1^−/− cells which both are further increased by TG inhibitor NC9 in double null cells. P-values are as follows: **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. NS; not significant