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. 2016 Aug 24;10(9):1473–1484. doi: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.08.002

Figure 6.

Figure 6

rBGN activates endothelial cells to promote GC cell migration through the secretion of VEGF. (A) In vitro transwell co‐culture system of endothelial cells and GC cells. (B) Histograms show the numbers of migrating GC cells in the presence of neutralizing antibody or the IgG isotype control antibody. (C) Representative photographs of migratory GC cells on the membrane are shown. (D) A schematic model is shown in which BGN secreted from GC cells interacts with TLR2 and TLR4 receptors expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. The interaction of BGN with TLR2/4 results in the activation of NF‐kB and the stimulation of HIF‐1α gene expression. HIF‐1α interacts with HIF‐1b to form HIF‐1. Then, HIF‐1 migrates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of VEGF, which in turn stimulates the migration of GC cells. Each value is the mean ± SD of three experiments. ** Represents P ≤ 0.01 when compared to control groups.