Table 2.
Cross-sectional comparisons across three clinical classifications namely HC, MCI, and AD
| Time point | Biomarker | Mean (SD) |
HC/MCI/AD |
HC versus MCI |
HC versus AD |
MCI versus AD |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | MCI | AD | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
| Baseline | TPO | 453.72 (128.25) | 486.4 (133.06) | 498.25 (151.94) | 0.0012 | 0.0356 | 0.0563 | 0.2509 | 0.0039 | 0.0502 | 0.5974 | 0.5387 |
| IL-18 | 201.62 (78.55) | 202.11 (99.01) | 205.86 (102.95) | 0.9283 | 0.8336 | 0.8567 | 0.7213 | 0.9954 | 0.8138 | 0.8969 | 0.5814 | |
| FABP3 | 6417.9 (2498.74) | 7664.95 (2577.08) | 7707.77 (2993.31) | 2.02E−08 | 0.3356 | 2.18E−05 | 0.1285 | 3.41E−06 | 0.8375 | 0.9936 | 0.4419 | |
| PPY | 151.51 (123.25) | 195.11 (190.74) | 226.44 (153.94) | 3.16E−05 | 0.1075 | 0.1249 | 0.9325 | 7.56E−06 | 0.037 | 0.0775 | 0.1454 | |
| I309 | 1.76 (0.89) | 1.66 (0.66) | 2.25 (1.43) | 0.0015 | 0.2862 | 0.5181 | 0.117 | 1.13E−05 | 0.0167 | 0.001 | 0.0066 | |
| SAA | 5,014,328.58 (12,441,294.73) | 4,556,617.17 (5,400,336.74) | 10,066,848.34 (25,001,707.84) | 0.019 | 0.0582 | 0.2092 | 0.2693 | 0.0319 | 0.1127 | 0.6153 | 0.6228 | |
| CRP | 2,623,075.41 (5,483,161.45) | 2,105,933.51 (1,992,259.53) | 2,764,309.64 (5,501,614.76) | 0.1497 | 0.9508 | 0.905 | 0.5195 | 0.059 | 0.4626 | 0.1728 | 0.4252 | |
| sVCAM | 412,578.76 (93,418.88) | 443,844.82 (107,111.58) | 464,594.39 (118,439.3) | 7.59E−06 | 0.1634 | 0.012 | 0.3654 | 4.09E−05 | 0.0855 | 0.3422 | 0.7705 | |
| sICAM | 258,715.61 (57,091.32) | 274,167.46 (70,100.74) | 275,757.24 (57,768.89) | 0.0046 | 0.1765 | 0.0524 | 0.3084 | 0.0165 | 0.6791 | 0.8869 | 0.9136 | |
| A2M | 1,747,511,738.03 (513,469,652) | 1,855,714,846.34 (602,037,583.95) | 1,893,399,396.14 (581,856,370.49) | 0.0062 | 0.4693 | 0.1635 | 0.8476 | 0.0101 | 0.4797 | 0.5236 | 0.4959 | |
| B2M | 2,302,005.26 (854,220.32) | 2,564,836.72 (962,444.25) | 2,600,875.68 (868,669.09) | 6.45E−05 | 0.6796 | 0.0223 | 0.7112 | 0.0002 | 0.283 | 0.5081 | 0.975 | |
| fVII | 855,774.28 (204,030.04) | 879,676.06 (200,143.09) | 870,519.29 (211,777.27) | 0.33 | 0.4349 | 0.3435 | 0.3465 | 0.5341 | 0.8441 | 0.7428 | 0.6244 | |
| Adipo | 72,058,918.21 (37,972,553.53) | 85,795,000.94 (47,271,598.65) | 91,367,246.13 (52,484,686.66) | 9.37E−06 | 0.0461 | 0.0067 | 0.0898 | 9.60E−05 | 0.0402 | 0.5956 | 0.9282 | |
| ApoJ | 34,840,490.7 (6,569,730.63) | 36,905,488.48 (7,081,682.5) | 38,901,971.01 (8,064,135.24) | 2.70E−07 | 0.0003 | 0.0183 | 0.0875 | 4.31E−07 | 0.0004 | 0.1232 | 0.1435 | |
| 18 months | TPO | 439.01 (124.56) | 484.25 (130.48) | 489.65 (168.28) | 0.0005 | 0.0172 | 0.0176 | 0.0276 | 0.0034 | 0.0836 | 0.8974 | 0.4575 |
| IL-18 | 197.31 (78.42) | 202.49 (92.26) | 201.59 (101.17) | 0.9834 | 0.9396 | 0.8507 | 0.5852 | 0.9475 | 0.8877 | 0.86 | 0.4857 | |
| FABP3 | 6560.26 (2371.26) | 7983.14 (2970.32) | 7921.63 (3075.55) | 3.03E−09 | 0.2022 | 0.0001 | 0.1219 | 5.15E−08 | 0.4821 | 0.8588 | 0.8237 | |
| PPY | 160.98 (124.66) | 164.33 (162.1) | 231.27 (157.33) | 3.65E−05 | 0.0443 | 0.4921 | 0.0557 | 1.44E−07 | 0.01 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | |
| I309 | 1.82 (1.04) | 1.72 (0.91) | 2.25 (1.28) | 0.0021 | 0.9447 | 0.369 | 0.0669 | 0.0001 | 0.1752 | 0.0028 | 0.0202 | |
| SAA | 4,508,476.82 (10,011,818.68) | 6,010,980.54 (13,928,739.6) | 11,051,022.73 (26,601,726.7) | 0.0049 | 0.0331 | 0.8312 | 0.8133 | 0.0007 | 0.007 | 0.0519 | 0.2179 | |
| CRP | 2,324,026.89 (3,678,293.91) | 3,244,249.76 (7,168,549.06) | 3,750,314.02 (9,648,464.51) | 0.2513 | 0.5808 | 0.8488 | 0.9327 | 0.2133 | 0.5945 | 0.5862 | 0.9336 | |
| sVCAM | 413,866.28 (94,396.07) | 451,372.28 (128,980.99) | 461,761.39 (123,431.77) | 3.82E−05 | 0.5612 | 0.0336 | 0.6051 | 0.0001 | 0.5823 | 0.5645 | 0.8394 | |
| sICAM | 256,940.34 (63,741.88) | 276,181.68 (81,976.23) | 273,854.69 (65,996.05) | 0.0086 | 0.629 | 0.07 | 0.3302 | 0.022 | 0.8845 | 0.8916 | 0.5686 | |
| A2M | 1,799,156,641.14 (533,559,105.75) | 1,818,415,510.22 (540,494,569.01) | 1,966,783,241.78 (593,726,925.78) | 0.0051 | 0.6885 | 0.7756 | 0.5794 | 0.002 | 0.4514 | 0.097 | 0.1402 | |
| B2M | 2,380,739.82 (906,482.97) | 2,586,551.41 (1,058,022.97) | 2,792,433.32 (1,002,092.54) | 2.00E−06 | 0.4936 | 0.1107 | 0.754 | 1.18E−06 | 0.1792 | 0.1148 | 0.3201 | |
| fVII | 859,839.14 (217,735.63) | 843,890.76 (211,518.29) | 904,916.05 (221,993.04) | 0.1079 | 0.094 | 0.636 | 0.9626 | 0.0399 | 0.275 | 0.0974 | 0.3038 | |
| Adipo | 73,899,317.71 (40,137,703.56) | 87,609,586.8 (51,060,964.01) | 89,456,380.55 (47,630,520.81) | 2.76E−05 | 0.0681 | 0.0197 | 0.0158 | 0.0001 | 0.0711 | 0.7607 | 0.399 | |
| ApoJ | 35,076,852.22 (6,760,610.92) | 36,935,240.02 (7,250,908.7) | 39,828,311.84 (8,650,920.67) | 3.59E−09 | 0.0003 | 0.0635 | 0.1112 | 7.05E−10 | 0.0004 | 0.0451 | 0.523 | |
| 36 months | TPO | 437.79 (119.73) | 463.2 (105.38) | 478.3 (153.32) | 0.0012 | 0.1789 | 0.1478 | 0.6842 | 0.0023 | 0.4755 | 0.5599 | 0.3682 |
| IL-18 | 194.68 (77.96) | 199.61 (97.69) | 194.57 (94.75) | 0.7527 | 0.876 | 0.8155 | 0.5699 | 0.6417 | 0.7694 | 0.6611 | 0.4462 | |
| FABP3 | 6953.36 (2904.37) | 7988.9 (3178.54) | 8026.43 (3242.37) | 1.14E−05 | 0.6319 | 0.0096 | 0.7746 | 0.0001 | 0.4757 | 0.8671 | 0.5791 | |
| PPY | 162.11 (118.95) | 172.88 (151.87) | 228.83 (165.22) | 0.0004 | 0.2124 | 0.7835 | 0.1079 | 2.56E−05 | 0.0651 | 0.0111 | 0.0119 | |
| I309 | 1.91 (1.12) | 1.72 (0.89) | 2.29 (1.41) | 0.0054 | 0.5469 | 0.1233 | 0.0118 | 0.0001 | 0.5706 | 0.0007 | 0.0266 | |
| SAA | 6,591,850.97 (20,102,101.96) | 6,152,281.83 (9,696,054.8) | 11,689,850.22 (28,348,629.61) | 0.0022 | 0.0106 | 0.3237 | 0.1837 | 0.0018 | 0.016 | 0.3668 | 0.8677 | |
| CRP | 2,815,106.56 (6,320,376.91) | 2,580,568.27 (3,838,300.23) | 4,135,642.49 (10,667,549.77) | 0.2797 | 0.9952 | 0.6139 | 0.9748 | 0.3071 | 0.9831 | 0.8702 | 0.8581 | |
| sVCAM | 427,124.68 (103,231.67) | 458,365.34 (108,775.08) | 493,257.79 (138,934.86) | 1.67E−07 | 0.0134 | 0.0351 | 0.2046 | 1.60E−07 | 0.0136 | 0.1919 | 0.6776 | |
| sICAM | 264,728.18 (65,030.13) | 273,235.93 (73,269.22) | 290,037.45 (80,897.55) | 0.0017 | 0.1356 | 0.406 | 0.624 | 0.001 | 0.3142 | 0.2503 | 0.5674 | |
| A2M | 1,827,578,796.9 (545,505,679.48) | 1,778,523,439.16 (433,650,399.82) | 1,981,649,902.93 (624,365,511.97) | 0.1339 | 0.6535 | 0.4509 | 0.2519 | 0.0359 | 0.6007 | 0.0396 | 0.1643 | |
| B2M | 2,449,111.13 (900,460.4) | 2,776,486.26 (1,441,411.42) | 2,869,544.1 (1,083,739.71) | 5.85E−05 | 0.1774 | 0.1267 | 0.4804 | 4.51E−05 | 0.1172 | 0.25 | 0.5588 | |
| fVII | 859,473.47 (211,784.3) | 828,173.72 (239,319.27) | 920,802.51 (236,389.85) | 0.4943 | 0.5917 | 0.3422 | 0.3441 | 0.2094 | 0.4345 | 0.1037 | 0.0791 | |
| Adipo | 76,652,983.41 (42,470,109.59) | 95,692,502.42 (128,009,842.11) | 91,388,867.36 (48,296,710.64) | 0.0017 | 0.2182 | 0.4015 | 0.358 | 4.92E−05 | 0.0149 | 0.0003 | 0.0246 | |
| ApoJ | 35,855,560.96 (6,862,794.16) | 36,925,546.32 (7,663,254.78) | 39,890,373.94 (8,623,166.76) | 0.0027 | 0.0448 | 0.6585 | 0.752 | 0.001 | 0.0456 | 0.0799 | 0.0771 | |
Abbreviations: HC, healthy control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer's disease; SD, standard deviation; TPO, thrombopoietin; IL-18, interleukin-18; FABP3, fatty acid binding protein; PPY, pancreatic polypeptide Y; I309, chemokine I309; SAA, serum amyloid A; CRP, C-reactive protein; sVCAM, soluble vascular adhesion molecule; sICAM, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule; A2M, alpha-2-macroglobulin; B2M, beta-2 microglobulin; FVII, Factor VII; adipo, adiponectin; apoJ, apolipoprotein J.