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. 2017 May 9;7:143. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00143

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Copyright © 2017 López, Blasco, Gato, Perez, Fernández-Garcia, Martínez-Martinez, Fernández-Cuenca, Rodríguez-Baño, Pascual, Bou and Tomás.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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SEM analysis of A. baumannii cells cultured in the absence (A,C,E,G) and presence of 0.5% bile salts (B,D,F,H). (A,B) A. baumannii ATCC 17978; (C,D) A. baumannii ΔadeB ATCC 17978; (E,F) A. baumannii ΔadeL ATCC 17978; (G,H) Ab421 GEIH-2010. (Scale bars: 20 μm). It is observed in presence of bile salts, the state of adhesion in A. baumannii ATCC 17978 (B), slime layer-micro colonies (previous state of biofilm formation) in A. baumannii ΔadeB ATCC 17978 (D), proliferation in A. baumannii ΔadeL ATCC 17978 (F) and finally, biofilm formation in Ab421 GEIH-2010 (H). The arrows indicate the most advanced stages of biofilm development.