| Utilitarian |
Practical use of material nature |
Sustaining physical life and security |
| Naturalistic |
Pleasure from contact with nature |
Development of mental, physical and outdoor skills and development |
| Ecologistic-Scientific |
Scientific study of the interconnectedness of nature and natural systems |
Observing nature, increasing knowledge and understanding |
| Aesthetic |
Appeal of nature’s physical beauty |
Feelings of security, inspiration and contentedness |
| Symbolic |
Expressing ideas through nature based language and metaphors |
Developing mentally, communicating with others/nature |
| Humanistic |
Emotional bond with, and love for nature |
Companionship, bonding and co-operation |
| Moralistic |
Ethical concern/judgements and revering nature |
Moral reasoning, meaning of life, affiliation |
| Dominionistic |
Control and dominance of nature |
Technological/mechanical skill, physicality, control |
| Negativistic |
Aversion, removal and fear of nature |
Security and physical protection |
