Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics (N=3,385)
| Characteristic | AF (n=1,191) |
No AF (n=2,194) |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71 ± 9.3 | 67 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
| Male | 641 (54%) | 1,002 (46%) | <0.001 |
| White | 1,093 (92%) | 1,916 (87%) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 79 (6.6%) | 280 (13%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 348 (29%) | 743 (34%) | 0.0057 |
| Coronary heart disease | 370 (31%) | 843 (38%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 114 (10%) | 147 (6.7%) | 0.0028 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean ± SD (mm Hg) | 127 ± 14 | 131 ± 14 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 32 ± 7.0 | 32 ± 7.2 | 0.95 |
| Serum creatinine, mean ± SD (mg/dL) | 1.12 ± 0.30 | 1.07 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
| New York Heart Association Class III–IV | 471 (40%) | 647 (29%) | <0.001 |
| Prior heart failure hospitalization | 819 (69%) | 1,630 (74%) | <0.001 |
| Aspirin use | 605 (51%) | 1,613 (74%) | <0.001 |
| Beta blockers | 913 (77%) | 1,723 (79%) | 0.21 |
| ACEi/ARB | 977 (82%) | 1,875 (85%) | 0.0089 |
| Statin | 632 (53%) | 1,136 (52%) | 0.47 |
| Spironolacton | 604 (51%) | 1,093 (50%) | 0.62 |
*
Statistical significance for continuous data was tested using the student’s t-test and categorical data was tested using the chi-square test.
ACEi/ARB= angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; AF=atrial fibrillation; HDL=high-density lipoprotein; SD=standard deviation.