Table 4.
Breastfeeding rates at 6 weeks postpartum by variable
| Variable | Sample total n (%) | Breastfeeding n (%) | Not breastfeeding n (%) | Test statistic | p- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African American | 155 (29.9) | 41(26.5) | 114 (73.5) | χ2=82.189 | <.001 |
| Pregnant as a teen (18–20) | 82 (15.8) | 21 (25.6) | 61 (74.4) | χ2=83.523 | <.001 |
| High school education or less | 165 (31.8) | 48 (29.1) | 117 (70.9) | χ2=175.225 | <.001 |
| Poverty (<$15K/year) | 78 (15.0) | 28 (35.9) | 50 (64.1) | χ2=45.552 | <.001 |
| Single | 148 (28.5) | 42 (28.4) | 106 (71.6) | χ2=155.428 | <.001 |
| CMT+ | 99 (19.1) | 72 (72.7) | 27 (27.2) | χ2=.970 | .325 |
| PTSD+ | 138 (26.6) | 81 (58.7) | 57 (41.3) | χ2=8.549 | .003 |
| Intended to breastfeed | 451 (90.6) | 342 (75.8) | 109 (24.2) | χ2=96.454 | <.001 |
| Major depression | 64 (12.3) | 29 (45.3) | 35 (54.7) | χ2=18.367 | <.001 |
| Dissociation mean (SD) | .37 (1.254) | .38 (1.306) | .36 (1.137) | F=.030 | .862 |
| Cesarean birth | 164 (31.6) | 108 (65.9) | 56 (34.1) | χ2=.835 | .361 |
| NICU admission | 63 (12.5) | 35 (55.6) | 28 (44.4) | χ2=5.107 | .024 |
| AP complications | 414 (79.8) | 276 (66.7) | 138 (33.3) | χ2=3.526 | .060 |
| IP complications | 459 (88.4) | 310 (67.5) | 149 (32.5) | χ2=2.053 | .152 |
| PP complications | 18 (3.5) | 7 (38.9) | 11 (61.1) | χ2=7.637 | .006 |
| BMI, mean (SD) (n=403) | 24.92 (6.665) | 24.23 (5.699) | 27.41 (8.968) | F=16.280 | <.001 |
| Attended CBE | 282 (54.3) | 253 (89.7) | 29 (10.3) | χ2=127.900 | <.001 |
| Provider alliance, mean (SD) | 67.66 (9.548) | 68.20 (9.722) | 66.46 (9.049) | F=3.742 | .054 |
| Parenting sense of competence, mean (SD) (n=453) | 52.66 (3.162) | 52.29 (3.338) | 53.55 (2.491) | F=15.639 | <.001 |
| Impaired postpartum bonding | 118 (22.7) | 100 (84.7) | 18 (15.3) | χ2=18.496 | <.001 |
| Discomfort with IAP, mean (SD) | 13.91 (3.260) | 14.28 (2.680) | 13.104 (4.157) | F=14.820 | <.001 |
Note: CMT = childhood maltreatment trauma; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; NICU = neonatal intensive care unit; AP = antepartum; IP = intrapartum; PP = postpartum; BMI = body mass index; CBE = childbirth education; IAP = intimate aspects of parenting (e.g., diaper changes).