Table 1.
Characteristics by Treatment Group at Time of Study Enrollment.
| Characteristic | Placebo (n = 10) |
250,000 IU D3 (n = 9) |
500,000 IU D3 (n = 11) |
Pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs)b | 64.8 ± 17.5 | 56.4 ± 15.4 | 68.1 ± 18.6 | 0.33 |
| Men [n (%)] | 6 (60.0) | 5 (55.6) | 8 (72.7) | 0.72 |
| Race | 0.09 | |||
| African American [n (%)] | 4 (40.0) | 7 (77.8) | 3 (27.3) | |
| Caucasian [n (%)] | 5 (50.0) | 2 (22.2) | 8 (72.7) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan [n (%)] | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| BMI (kg/m2)b,c | 28.2 ± 9.9 | 33.4 ± 6.3 | 30.2 ± 6.1 | 0.36 |
| Plasma 25(OH)D (ng/mL)b | 21.5 ± 12.2 | 23.2 ± 7.8 | 20.0 ± 7.3 | 0.75 |
| 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL [n (%)] | 5 (50.0) | 3 (33.3) | 5 (45.5) | 0.81 |
| 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL [n (%)] | 8 (80.0) | 7 (77.8) | 10 (90.9) | 0.70 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL)d | 8.7 (7.7, 9.8) | 10.3 (9.1, 11.7) | 9.6 (8.5, 10.7) | 0.14 |
| Anemia [n (%)]e | 10 (100.0) | 8 (88.9) | 10 (90.9) | 0.75 |
| Hepcidin (ng/mL)d | 40.9 (15.4, 108.8) | 31.7 (11.3, 88.9) | 14.0 (5.5, 35.7) | 0.25 |
| APACHE II Scoreb | 23.2 ± 8.8 | 20 ± 10.1 | 19.0 ± 7.5 | 0.53 |
| Admission ICU | 0.16 | |||
| Medical | 7 (70.0) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (27.3) | |
| Surgical | 3 (30.0) | 5 (55.6) | 8 (72.7) | |
| Infection on admission [n (%)] | 6 (60.0) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (27.3) | 0.38 |
| Coronary artery disease [n (%)] | 1 (10) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (63.6) | 0.03 |
| Congestive heart failure [n (%)] | 1 (10) | 2 (22.2) | 5 (45.5) | 0.20 |
| COPD [n (%)] | 2 (20) | 1 (11.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0.49 |
| Asthma [n (%)] | 1 (10) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | 4 (40.0) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (18.2) | 0.32 |
| Received blood transfusion [n(%)]f | 4 (40.0) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (27.3) | 0.78 |
| Transfusion volume (mL)b,g | 775 ± 505.8 | 700 ± 495.0 | 916.7 ± 700.6 | 0.91 |
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IU, international unit
a
ANOVA for continuous variables, Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
b
mean ± SD
c
n=8 for 250,000 IU D3 group
d
Geometric mean (95% confidence interval)
e
Hemoglobin <13 g/dL for men, <12 g/dL for women
f
Receipt of any blood transfusion during the course of the study
g
Total volume of packed red cells received during the course of the study, among those who received a transfusion