Table 2.

Fecal proteins increased in MC.

Cell type	Fecal marker	Setting	Findings and statistics	Sample size (N)	Reference
Neutrophils	Myeloperoxidase	CC vs. HC	Median 11.7 vs. 2.5 µg/g p < 0.05	18 vs. 20	Lettesjö et al. (36)
		CC vs. IBS	Median 11.7 vs. 1.7 µg/g p < 0.01	18 vs. 46	Lettesjö et al. (36)
		CC vs. HC	10.4 vs. 4.9 µg/g	9 vs. 45	Wagner et al. (37)
		LC vs. HC	9.6 vs. 4.9 µg/g	4 vs. 45	Wagner et al. (37)
	Calprotectin S100A8/S100A9	Active CC vs. Quiescent CC	Median 80 vs. 26 µg/g p = 0.025	21 vs. 12	Wildt et al. (16)
		CC vs. HC	Median 80 vs. 6.25 µg/g p = 0.002	21 vs. 13	Wildt et al. (16)
		IBD vs. other colitisa vs. IBS	Median 349 vs. 92 vs. 49 µg/g p < 0.0001	24 vs. 21 vs. 21	Caviglia et al. (38)
		CC vs. HC	74 vs. 61 µg/g	9 vs. 45	Wagner et al. (37)
		LC vs. HC	42.7 vs. 61 µg/g	4 vs. 45	Wagner et al. (37)
	Lactoferrin	Active CC vs. Quiescent CC	1 vs. 0 (no. of positive tests)	21 vs. 12	Wildt et al. (16)
Eosinophils	Eosinophil protein X	CC vs. HC	Median 3.8 vs. 0.46 µg/g p < 0.001	18 vs. 20	Lettesjö et al. (36)
		CC vs. IBS	Median 3.8 vs. 0.44 µg/g p < 0.001	18 vs. 46	Lettesjö et al. (36)
		CC vs. HC	5.7 vs. 0.82 µg/g p = 0.01	9 vs. 46	Wagner et al. (37)
		LC vs. HC	1.7 vs. 0.82 µg/g	4 vs. 46	Wagner et al. (37)
	Eosinophil cationic protein	CC vs. HC	92% of CC > upper limit of normal	12 vs. 44	Wagner et al. (39)
		CC vs. HC	5.3 vs. 1.5 µg/g p = 0.01	9 vs. 46	Wagner et al. (37)
		LC vs. HC	2.6 vs. 0.82 µg/g	4 vs. 46	Wagner et al. (37)
Mast cells	Tryptase	CC vs. IBS vs. HC	50 vs. 13 vs. 5.3% detectable levels	18 vs. 46 vs. 19	Lettesjö et al. (36)
Other leukocytes	IL-1β	CC vs. IBS vs. HC	18% CC detectable levels Undetectable in IBS and HC	18 vs. 46 vs. 19	Lettesjö et al. (36)
	Tumor necrosis factor α	CC vs. IBS vs. HC	Undetectable levels	18 vs. 46 vs. 19	Lettesjö et al. (36)
Enteroendocrine cells	Chromogranin A	CC vs. HC	p < 0.001	12 vs. 43	Wagner et al. (40)
		CC vs. IBD	p < 0.001	12 vs. 32	Wagner et al. (40)
	Chromogranin B	CC vs. HC	p < 0.001	12 vs. 43	Wagner et al. (40)
		CC vs. IBD	p < 0.001	12 vs. 32	Wagner et al. (40)
	Secretoneurin	CC vs. HC	p < 0.01	12 vs. 43	Wagner et al. (40)
		CC vs. IBD	p < 0.001	12 vs. 32	Wagner et al. (40)

LC, lymphocytic colitis; CC, collagenous colitis; HC, healthy control; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.

^aOther colitis: microscopic colitis (MC), eosinophilic colitis, and non-specific chronic colitis.