Table 3.
Tissue markers in microscopic colitis (MC).
| Tissue marker | MC | Localization | Diagnostic accuracy | Sample Size (N) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chromogranin A | LC | Higher in left colon | 27.2 ± 1.4 cells/mm2 LC vs. 8.9 ± 0.6 cells/mm2 HC | 57 vs. 54 | El-Salhy et al. (60) |
| Tenascins (TNs) | CC CC |
Subepithelial band Subepithelial band |
12–28 µm CC vs. 4–6 µm HC 29.46 ± 1.87 μm CC vs. no TN HC |
15 vs. 15 35 vs. 18 |
Anagnostopoulos et al. (76) Salas et al. (73) |
| Type IV collagen | CC | Deep part of the crypts, penetrating blood vessels | CC > 10 labeled cells/mf | 12 vs. 7 | Günther et al. (83) |
| Matrix-metalloproteinase-1 | CC | Subepithelial band | CC > 7 labeled cells/mf | 12 vs. 7 | Günther et al. (83) |
| Tissue of metalloproteinases-1 | CC | Subepithelial band | CC > 10 labeled cells/mf | 12 vs. 7 21 vs. 5 |
Günther et al. (83) Griga et al. (87) |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | CC | Epithelium | 11.61% CC vs. 1.10% HC | 21 vs. 5 | Griga et al. (87) |
| VEGF | CC | Leukocytes in the Lamina propria | 0.89% CC vs. 0.04% HC | 21 vs. 5 | Griga et al. (87) |
| EP4 receptor | CC | Intestinal epithelial cells, lymphocytes, and lamina propria | expression CC > 10 folds vs. HC | 8 vs. 12 | Dey et al. (91) |
| Cyclooxygenase-2 | CC | Mononuclear cells in the lamina propria | Staining ratio 1.93 CC vs. 2.59 HC | 10 vs. 8 | Wildt et al. (93) |
| iNOS | MC | Epithelial cells of the luminal border of crypts | OD 8.2 ± 1.5 MC vs. OD 0.8 ± 0.2 HC | 12 vs. 6 | Perner et al. (100) |
LC, lymphocytic colitis; CC, collagenous colitis; HC, healthy control; mf, microscopic field; OD, optical density.