Table 1.
Studies reporting a change in muscle adaption with unilateral training.
| References | Muscle thickness assessment | Muscle | Intervention in the non-training limb | Effect of training on contralateral muscle size | Effect of no training on contralateral muscle size | Variability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown et al., 1990 | Computerized tomography scans | Elbow flexors (biceps brachii and brachialis) | N/A | No change | N/A | N/A |
| Bezerra et al., 2009 | MRI | Quadriceps | N/A | No change | No change | ICC = 0.99 |
| Farthing et al., 2009 | B-Mode ultrasound (SSD-500; Aloka) | Posterior medial forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis) | Immobilization | −1.1% (NS) | −4.3% (*) | CV = 1.4–1.5% |
| Magnus et al., 2010 | B-Mode ultrasound (SSD-500; Aloka) | Biceps brachii | Immobilization | 2.2% | −2.8% (*) | CV = 1.4–1.5% |
| Magnus et al., 2010 | B-Mode ultrasound (SSD-500; Aloka) | Triceps brachii | Immobilization | 3.4% | −5.2% (*) | CV = 1.4–1.5% |
| Farthing et al., 2011 | B-Mode ultrasound (SSD-500; Aloka) | Posterior medial forearm (flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum superficialis) | Immobilization | −4.72% (NS) | −1.66% (NS) | CV = 1.4–1.5% |
| Pearce et al., 2013 | Nemio20 premium compact ultrasound (Toshiba) | Elbow flexors (biceps brachii and brachialis) | Immobilization | 0% (NS) | −6% (*) | CV = 2.4% |
| Magnus et al., 2014 | Portable ultrasound scanner (LOGIQ e BTO8, GE Healthcare) | Supraspinatus | N/A | −0.5% (NS) | +0.5% (NS) | CV = 3.7% |
| Magnus et al., 2014 | Portable ultrasound scanner (LOGIQ e BTO8, GE Healthcare) | Anterior deltoid | N/A | +5.1% (NS) | −7.35% (NS) | CV = 3.7% |
ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; CV, coefficient of variation; NS, non-significant when compared to baseline;
*
significantly different from baseline, p < 0.05