Table 2.
Assessment of multiple systematic reviews (AMSTAR) scoring.
| References | Type of reviews or designs | AMSTAR score |
| Free [42] | Quantitative (RCTa) | 9 (high) |
| Mador [47] | Quantitative (various designs) | 9 (high) |
| Urquhart [16] | Cochrane review—quantitative (RCT+1 other design) | 8 (high) |
| McKibbon [43] | Mixed | 8 (high) |
| Nieuwlaat [48] | Quantitative (RCT) | 7 (medium) |
| Mickan [49] | Quantitative (RCT) | 6 (medium) |
| Finkelstein [41] | Mixed | 6 (medium) |
| Randell [50] | Quantitative (RCT) | 5 (medium) |
| Georgiou [51] | Quantitative (various designs) | 5 (medium) |
| Dowding [52] | Quantitative (various designs) | 5 (medium) |
| Poissant [53] | Quantitative (various designs) | 4 (medium) |
| Husebo [54] | Mixed (integrative) | 4 (medium) |
| Jones [55] | Mixed (integrative) | 4 (medium) |
| Meißner [56] | Qualitative (meta-ethnography) | 3 (low) |
| Bowles [44] | Mixed | 3 (low) |
| Anderson [17] | Mixed | 3 (low) |
| Maeenpa [57] | Mixed | 2 (low) |
| NGuyen [58] | Mixed | 2 (low) |
| Stevenson [15] | Mixed | 2 (low) |
| Bartoli [59] | Mixed | 1 (low) |
| Carrington [3] | Mixed | 1 (low) |
| Kelley [60] | Mixed (integrative) | 0 (low) |
aRCT: randomized controlled trial.