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. 2017 Apr 26;2017:5864945. doi: 10.1155/2017/5864945

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Copyright © 2017 Chen-Long Zhang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effects of CQCQD and carbachol on colonic histopathology and serum intestinal motility parameters. (a) Representative H&E sections of upper colon (×200). (b) Overall histopathological score of colon. Indirect intestinal motility serum markers: (c) intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP), (d) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). (e) Motilin (MTL) and (f) substance P (SP). ^∗P < 0.05 versus control group; ^†P < 0.05 versus L-arginine group; ^‡P < 0.05 versus CQCQD treated group. Values are means ± SEM of 5–11 animals per group.