Fig. 3.

The association between falciparum and vivax malaria in pregnancy and antepartum or intrapartum stillbirth. The reference group refers to women without falciparum malaria or vivax malaria in pregnancy. Models include women lost to follow-up (until gestation time last seen), but percentage calculations for stillbirth do not. Where the numbers of stillbirths in the asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria categories do not total the number of stillbirths in the malaria (all) category, missing values for the presence of symptoms should be assumed. First-, second-, and third-trimester malaria refers to both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria; in women with multiple episodes during pregnancy the trimester categorisation is based on the last episode detected. Associations were similar when the analysis was restricted to women with only one episode of malaria in pregnancy (see Additional file 6). Models were adjusted for gravidity, clinic site, and yearly malaria incidence. See Additional file 7 for table versions of this figure, including univariable associations