Table 7.

Prevalence ratios (PR) of 12-months prevalence of symptoms

Body regions by gender*	Risk category 1 (Reference) Employees in jobs with low MHO, < 10 points KIM-MHO	Risk category 2 Employees in jobs with MHO, 10 – 24 points KIM-MHO	Risk category 3 Employees in jobs with MHO, 25 – 49 points KIM-MHO	Risk category 4 Employees in jobs with MHO, ≥ 50 points KIM-MHO
Women	n = 306	n = 75	n = 59	n = 73
neck/cervical spine	1 (ref.)	1.0 (0.9 – 1.2)	1.3 (1.1 – 1.5)	1.2 (1.0 – 1.4)
shoulder/upper arm	1 (ref.)	1.2 (0.9 – 1.5)	1.4 (1.1 – 1.7)	1.3 (1.0 – 1.6)
elbow/forearm	1 (ref.)	1.6 (0.9 – 2.7)	1.9 (1.2 – 3.1)	2.9 (2.0 – 4.3)
hand/wrist	1 (ref.)	0.9 (0.5 – 1.4)	1.8 (1.3 – 2.6)	2.7 (2.1 – 3.5)
lower back/lumbar spine	1 (ref.)	0.8 (0.5 – 1.2)	2.0 (1.6 – 2.6)	2.0 (1.6 – 2.6)
Men	n = 498	n = 173	n = 23	n = 239
neck/cervical spine	1 (ref.)	1.0 (0.8 – 1.2)	1.6 (1.3 – 2.0)	1.1 (0.9 – 1.3)
shoulder/upper arm	1 (ref.)	1.0 (0.8 – 1.3)	2.0 (1.5 – 2.8)	1.6 (1.4 – 2.0)
elbow/forearm	1 (ref.)	1.1 (0.7 – 1.6)	1.2 (0.5 – 3.2)	2.7 (2.0 – 3.5)
hand/wrist	1 (ref.)	1.2 (0.8 – 1.6)	2.7 (1.7 – 4.4)	3.2 (2.6 – 4.1)
lower back/lumbar spine	1 (ref.)	1.2 (0.9 – 1.6)	2.8 (2.0 – 4.0)	2.9 (2.4 – 3.5)

*Prevalence Ratios (PR) of symptoms in different body regions stratified by exposure to manual handling operations (MHO) according to KIM-MHO risk categories. Significant values are marked in bold letters. [Prevalence Ratios, 95%-CI. Log-linear Poisson regression, robust estimation of variance. Each model adjusted by age, body-mass-index and body height]