. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2017 Mar 19;1862(6):589–599. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.03.005

Table 1.

A comparison of lipid glycan carriers used in N-glycosylation across evolution

	Eukarya	Bacteria	Archaea
Lipid glycan carrier	DolP DolPP	UndPP	DolP DolPP
Length	C₇₀–C₁₀₅	C₅₀–C₆₀	C₃₀–C₇₀
Positions of saturated isoprenes	Alpha-position isoprene	None	Alpha- and omega-position isoprenes; variable number of internal position isoprenes
Location	ER membrane	Plasma membrane	Plasma membrane
Topology of sugar addition	Sugars added on both sides of the membrane	Sugars added only on the cytosolic side of the membrane	Sugars added on the cytosolic side of the membrane and in some species, on the external side of the membrane
Number of lipid glycan carriers used per N-glycosylation event	Multiple	Single	Single or more in some species
Chemical modification of lipid-linked glycan	No	No	In some species
Recycling after glycan transfer to target protein	DolPP is dephosphorylated to DolP, flipped to face the ER lumen and recharged to yield DolPP-glycan	UndPP is dephosphophorylated to UndP, flipped to face the cytoplasm and recharged to yield UndPP-glycan	Unknown