Table 3.

Mediation Criterion 2: Relationships Between Potential Mediators and Longitudinal ED Utilization Following Study Entry.

Covariate	OR (95% CI) a	βb	t c	p
Recently homeless d	1.78 (2.48 – 1.28)	−0.58	−3.46	0.001
Access to a case manager d	0.81 (1.21 – 0.54)	0.21	1.03	0.304
Access to primary medical provider d	1.19 (1.82 – 0.77)	−0.17	−0.79	0.430
Access to MH/SA provider d	1.16 (1.55 – 0.87)	−0.15	−0.98	0.326
Used outpatient medical services d	1.10 (1.45 – 0.84)	−0.10	−0.68	0.494
Used outpatient MH/SA services d	1.16 (1.53 – 0.87)	−0.14	−1.00	0.316
SF12 physical health e	0.97 (0.98 – 0.95)	0.03	3.99	<.0001
SF12 mental health e	1.00 (1.02 – 0.98)	0.00	0.03	0.973
ASI alcohol use f	2.3 (5.35 – 0.99)	−0.83	−1.94	0.053
ASI drug use f	1.92 (10.71 – 0.34)	−0.65	−0.74	0.458

Note: Longitudinal GEEs of whether participants visited an ED in the prior 90 days were adjusted for baseline values of the dependent variable as well as characteristics that significantly differed (P<.15) in CICH and comparison cohorts (gender, race, four or more episodes of homelessness in the prior two years, number of mental health problems, SF12 mental health measure). In each case, the model was adjusted for the possible mediator in column 1. Both odds ratios and regression coefficients reflect the effect the mediator on ED use.

^aOdds Ratio for any ED use in the prior 90 days. For continuous measures, the odds ratio is for each unit change.

^bRegression coefficient for any ED use in the prior 90 days.

^ct-statistic

^dPast 90 days

^eSF12 = Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12. Possible scores ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health

^fASI = Addiction Severity Index. Possible scores ranging from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating greater addiction severity