Table 3.

Physical health and other disease diagnosis (%)

	No Pain n= 1,889	OUD First n= 515	Same Time n= 789	Pain First n=2,114	TOTAL n= 5,307
Heart disease**, ab, ac, ad, bd, cd	26.8	59.6	57.2	72.0	52.5
Respiratory disease**, ab, ac, ad, bd, cd	23.7	58.1	48.2	68.4	48.5
Sleep disorder**, ab, ac, ad, bd, cd	6.7	21.4	15.7	41.8	23.4
Liver disease**, ab, ad, bc, cd	14.1	24.5	15.1	15.9	16.0
Cancer**, ad, bc, cd	9.0	16.9	11.3	23.4	15.9
Diabetes**, ab, ac, ad	6.6	16.1	13.1	19.3	13.5
STD	0.8	2.3	0.9	2.5	1.6
HIV	2.2	4.7	1.7	2.7	2.6
Asymptomatic**, ab, bc, bd	0.9	4.1	0.8	1.6	1.5
HIV active	2.1	4.3	1.7	2.6	2.4
HCV**, ab, ac, ad, bc, bd, cd	17.8	28.2	16.1	15.8	17.8

The group effect on each outcome variable was tested in the logistic model controlling for age, gender, ethnicity (white vs. non-white), and length of observation. A significant overall group effect is indicated by * for p<0.05 and ** for p<0.01. Significant linear tests (i.e., p<0.05) on equivalence of each pair of coefficients between No Pain (a), OUD first (b), OUD and Chronic Pain at the same time (c), and Pain first (d) are indicated by the respective groups in each pair.