Table 2.

Measures that have been used among individuals with DS and judged to be ‘appropriate’ for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease or ‘promising but needs more assessment’.

	Appropriate for DS	Promising; But Need More Assessment
Dementia Status
Caregiver report	Dementia Screening Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities Dementia Questionnaire for Learning Disabilities (previously: Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded Persons) Dementia Scale for Down syndrome	National Task Group Early Detection Screen for Dementia
Caregiver report and Direct assessment	Adaptive Behavior Dementia Questionnaire	Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down’s syndrome and Others with Intellectual Disorder
Mental Status
Direct assessment	Modified Haxby Down Syndrome Mental Status Examination a Modified Mini Mental State Examinationa Severe Impairment Battery a	Brief Praxis test Test for Severe Impairment
Memory/Learning
Direct assessment	Corsi Block-Tapping Forward Cued Recall Test a Modified Selective Reminding Task a Rapid Assessment for Developmental Disabilitiesa Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test for Children - Picture Recognition and Story Recall subtests a WISC Coding a WISC Digit Span Forward	Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Wechsler Memory scales
Visuospatial construction
Direct assessment	Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration Haxby Block Design WISC Block Design a	-
Executive processing
Direct assessment	Cat and Dog Stroop tests a Corsi Block-Taping Backward a NEPSY Visual Attention Subtest Scrambled Boxes a Selective Attention Cancellation Taska WISC Digit Span Backward a Verbal Fluency tasks a	Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery NIH Toolbox Dimensional Change Card Sort NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test Tower of London Weigl Sorting Test
Caregiver report		BRIEF
Psychiatric symptoms/Behavior problems
Caregiver report	Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behaviors	Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology in Alzheimer’s disease Neuropsychiatric Inventory
Clinical interview/ Direct assessment	-	Psychiatric Assessment Schedules for Adults with Developmental Disabilities Psychopathology Instrument for Mentally Retarded Adults
Language
Direct assessment	Boston Naming Test a British Picture Vocabulary Scale Categorical Fluency a Expressive-One Word Picture Vocabulary Test a NEPSY Word Generation Semantic Fluency Subtest a Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test	Controlled Oral Word Association Test Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task
Adaptive behavior
Caregiver report	Adaptive Behaviour Dementia Questionnaire Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales	Activities of Daily Living Schedule Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale Daily Living Skills Questionnaire Deficiency Adaptive Behavior Scale
Motor performance
Direct assessment	-	NIH Toolbox motor measure Purdue Pegboard Tinetti gate test

^a= may not be appropriate for adults with low baseline language and cognitive functioning. AD = Alzheimer’s disease; DS = Down syndrome; IDD = Intellectual and developmental disabilities.

This table reviews measures that the task force felt were most appropriate and promising, but does not provide an exhaustive list of all measures that have been published on.

Citation for measures not reviewed in text: American Association on Mental Deficiency Adaptive Behavior Scale (Nihira, Foster, Shellhaas, & Leland, 1974), Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (Beery, 2004), Boston Naming Test (Kaplan, Goodglass, & Weintraub, 2001), Brief Praxis Test (Dalton & Crapper-McLachlan, 1986), British Picture Vocabulary Scale (Dunn, Dunn, Styles, & Sewell, 2009), Cambridge Cognitive Examination (Ball et al., 2004), Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (Robbins et al., 1994), Cat and Dog Stroop (modified Day-Night Stroop) (Gerstadt, Hong, & Diamond, 1994), Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology in Alzheimer’s disease (Devanand et al., 1992), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (Lezak, Howieson, Loring, Hannay, & Fischer, 2004), Corsi Blocks (Milner, 1971), Dimensional Change Card Sort (Frye, Zelazo, & Palfai, 1995), Expressive-One Word Picture Vocabulary Test (Martin & Brownell, 2010), Haxby Block Design (Haxby, 1989), NEPSY Visual Attention (Korkman et al., 2007), NEPSY Word Generation Semantic Fluency Subtest (Korkman et al., 2007), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (Cummings et al., 1994), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (Dunn & Dunn, 2007), Pegboard (E. Strauss, Sherman, & Spreen, 2006), Psychiatric Assessment Schedules for Adults with Developmental Disabilities (Moss et al., 1998), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (Schmidt, 1996), Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test for Children (Wilson, Ivani-Chalian, & Aldrich, 1991), Scrambled Boxes (H. Strauss & Lewin, 1982), Selective Attention Cancellation Task (Krinsky-McHale et al., 2008), Test for Severe Impairment (Albert & Cohen, 1992), Weigl Sorting (H. Strauss & Lewin, 1982), Tower of London (Krikorian, Bartok, & Gay, 1994), WISC Block designs (Wechsler, 2004), WISC Coding (Wechsler, 2004), WISC Digit Span (Wechsler, 2004), Wechsler Memory Scales (Wechsler, 2009).