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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Headache. 2017 May;57(Suppl 2):37–46. doi: 10.1111/head.13084

Figure 3. Enhancement of neural activity by neuropeptides acting via peripheral and central mechanisms.

Figure 3

An example of peripheral actions of the neuropeptide CGRP to alter the microenvironment of the trigeminovasculature is shown. The release of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory molecules from mast cells, glia, and vascular cells can lead to sensitization of the trigeminal nerve. An example of central neuromodulation by CGRP to enhance glutamatergic signaling by cAMP-induced phosphorylation of glutamate receptors is shown. A conceptual link between peripheral and central CGRP actions is indicated by the arrow.