Table 2.
Feature of some electrochemical sensors discussed herewith.
| Electrode System | Analyte | Method ** | LOD * | In Real Matrix | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Au nanoelectrode ensemble | As(III) | SSQWv | 5 ng/L | Yes | [47] |
| CB + AuNP on SPE | Glucose, hydrogen peroxide, hydro-quinone, ascorbic acid | LSV | 0.87, 0.18, 0.012, 0.021 nM, respectively | Simulated | [48] |
| Co/Al LDH | Glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose, ribose, sucrose, maltose, lactose | Chronoamperometry in FIA | 0.01 to 0.05 mM | Yes | [43] |
| Graphene/ionic liquid | Caffeic Acid | Electrochemical measurement | 0.005 mM | Simulated | [44] |
| ZnO nanorods coate by Co and Mn porphyrins | l-Cysteine | LSV | N.A. | [45] |
* LOD values suffer from the different way how they are computed. Most often, the choice of estimating the signal leading to LOD as three times the standard deviation of the background leads to better or even much better results than the more correct calculation also considering the standard deviation of intercept and slope of the regression equation [39]. ** SSQWV: Stripping Square Wave Voltammetry; CB: carbon black; SQWV: square wave voltammetry; NP nanoparticles; LSV linear sweep voltammetry; FIA flow injection analysis.