Table 1. Comparison between the Presented CMOS-Based Nanowire Sensing System and Other Relevant CMOS Systems Recently Published in the Literature.

	ref 16	ref 17	ref 23	this work
technology	0.18 μm	0.18 μm	0.35 μm	0.35 μm
readout scheme	Res. to Freq converter	TIA + single slope ADC	V amp. + SAR ADC	ΔΣ + I to Freq converter
input range	100 kΩ to 1 GΩ	100 pA to 5.3 nA	n.a.	20 pA to μA (7 kΩ to 7.5 GΩ)
channel count	1	64	1	16
multiplexed	yes	no	only 1 sensor	no
min/max resolution	5/7 bits	10 bits	9.4 bits	6.6/13.3 bits
min/max noise	n.a.	7pARMS	n.a.	0.54/250pARMS
bandwidth	100 Hz	300 Hz	100 kHz	1 kHz (max)
power supply	1.8 V	1.8 V	3.3 V	3.3 V
power consumption	396 μW	1.8 mW	600 μW	35 mW
chip size	200 × 200 μm2	4.3 × 4.3 mm2	6.2 mm2	3.4 × 4 mm2
notes	2 chips	2 chips	monolithic (1 NW)	2 chips and monolithic