Table 1.
Demographic and Biochemical Characteristics of the Study Population
| Characteristic | N =1888 |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64.1 (9.2) |
| Female (no. [%]) | 1029 (54.5) |
| Race/ethnicity (no. [%]) | |
| White | 616 (32.6) |
| Chinese-American | 170 (9.0) |
| African-American | 731 (38.7) |
| Hispanic | 371 (19.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.7 (5.7) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133.8 (21.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.9 (10.5) |
| Antihypertensive medications (no. [%]) | |
| Thiazide | 518 (27.4) |
| Loop diuretic | 82 (4.3) |
| Calcium-channel blocker | 637 (33.7) |
| Dihydropyridine CCB | 448 (23.7) |
| Non-dihydropyridine CCB | 189 (10) |
| Beta-blocker | 472 (25) |
| RAAS-inhibitor | 891 (47.2) |
| Alpha-blocker | 194 (10.3) |
| No. of antihypertensive medications | |
| 1 | 1167 (61.8) |
| 2 | 523 (27.7) |
| 3 | 158 (8.4) |
| 3+ | 26 (1.4) |
| Education (highest level completed) (no. [%]) | |
| No schooling to some high school | 353 (18.8) |
| Completed high school to some college | 690 (36.7) |
| Completed post-secondary school degree | 838 (44.6) |
| Smoking status (no. [%]) | |
| Never smoker | 925 (49.2) |
| Former | 741 (39.4) |
| Current | 215 (11.4) |
| Physical activity (mean hr/d) | 12.4 (6.1) |
| Diabetes status (no. [%]) | |
| Normal | 1178 (32.4) |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 308 (16.3) |
| Diabetes | 402 (21.3) |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 46.1 (19.3) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 79.9 (13.0) |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.65 (0.38) |
| Urine calcium/Cr ratio (mg/g) | 0.09 (0.07) |
| Serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.6 (0.5) |
| Urine phosphate/Cr ratio (mg/g) | 0.48 (0.2) |
| Annualized 25OHD (ng/mL) | 24.6 (11.2) |
| FGF23 (pg/mL) | 40.4 (18.9) |
Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise specified.
BMI =body mass index; CCB =calcium-channel blocker; PTH =parathyroid hormone; eGFR =estimated glomerular filtration rate; Cr =creatinine; 25OHD =25-hydroxyvitamin D; FGF-23 =fibroblast growth factor 23.