Table 2.
SCC controls N = 746 |
SCC cases N = 570 |
BCC controls N = 550 |
BCC cases N = 633 |
Early-onset BCC controlsa N = 246 |
Early-onset BCC cases N = 362 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI)b | N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
Oral contraception usec | |||||||||
No | 307 (43.2) | 270 (48.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 236 (45.8) | 200 (33.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 49 (21.5) | 57 (16.6) | 1.0 (ref) |
Yes | 404 (56.8) | 286 (51.4) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 279 (54.2) | 396 (66.4) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 179 (78.5) | 287 (83.4) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
| |||||||||
Age at last OC use | |||||||||
Non user | 307 (45.0) | 270 (49.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 236 (48.4) | 200 (36.2) | 1.0 (ref) | 49 (24.1) | 57 (18.8) | 1.0 (ref) |
< 29 yrs. old | 173 (25.4) | 100 (18.2) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 120 (24.6) | 168 (30.4) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 97 (47.8) | 144 (47.5) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) |
>=29 yrs. old | 202 (29.6) | 178 (32.5) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 132 (27.0) | 185 (33.5) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) | 57 (28.1) | 102 (33.7) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) |
Continuous | ptrend < 0.018 | ptrend < 0.019 | ptrend < 0.091 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Duration of OC use | |||||||||
Non user | 307 (43.3) | 270 (48.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 236 (46.0) | 200 (33.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 49 (21.6) | 57 (16.6) | 1.0 (ref) |
≤ 2 yrs. | 60 (8.5) | 35 (6.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.7) | 41 (8.0) | 64 (10.8) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 22 (9.7) | 44 (12.8) | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) |
3–6 yrs. | 157 (22.1) | 106 (19.1) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 119 (23.2) | 149 (25.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 87 (38.3) | 111 (32.4) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
≥ 7 yrs. | 185 (26.1) | 144 (25.9) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 117 (22.8) | 182 (30.6) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 69 (30.4) | 131 (38.2) | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) |
Continuous | ptrend < 0.030 | ptrend < 0.052 | ptrend < 0.047 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Years since last OC use | |||||||||
Non user | 307(52.6) | 270(62.5) | 1.0 (ref) | 236 (46.2) | 200(33.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 49 (21.7) | 57 (16.6) | 1.0 (ref) |
< 25 yrs. | 213(36.5) | 77(17.8) | 1.0(0.7–1.6) | 211 (41.3) | 308(51.9) | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 162 (71.7) | 254 (74.1) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
≥ 25 yrs. | 64(11.0) | 85(19.7) | 2.1(1.5–3.2) | 64 (12.5) | 85(14.3) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 15 (6.6) | 32 (9.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.7) |
Continuous | ptrend < 0.020 | ptrend < 0.150 | ptrend < 0.895 | ||||||
| |||||||||
OC formulation | |||||||||
Non user | 307 (53.3) | 270 (59.1) | 1.0 (ref) | 236 (55.0) | 200 (39.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 49 (37.7) | 57 (27.3) | 1.0 (ref) |
Estrogen dose ≤ 50mg | 193 (38.6) | 120 (30.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 135 (36.4) | 166 (45.4) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 91 (65.0) | 119 (67.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
Estrogen dose > 50mg | 211 (40.7) | 166 (38.1) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 144 (37.9) | 230 (53.5) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 88 (64.2) | 168 (74.7) | 1.7 (1.0–2.6) |
Combination | 266 (46.4) | 186 (40.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 193 (45.0) | 296 (59.7) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 136 (73.5) | 230 (80.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) |
Sequential | 182 (37.2) | 141 (34.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 124 (34.4) | 197 (49.6) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) | 81 (62.3) | 152 (72.7) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) |
| |||||||||
Hormone replacement therapy usec, d | |||||||||
No | 310 (58.7) | 254 (49.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 207 (60.3) | 194 (58.1) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
Yes | 218 (41.3) | 257 (50.3) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 136 (39.7) | 140 (41.9) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | |||
Exclusive estrogen | 146 (32.0) | 155 (37.9) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 88 (29.8) | 95 (32.9) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | |||
Estrogen + progestin | 45 (12.7) | 73 (22.3) | 2.1 (1.4–3.2) | 29 (12.3) | 32 (14.2) | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | |||
| |||||||||
Age at first HRT use | |||||||||
Non user | 310 (58.7) | 254 (49.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 207 (60.3) | 194 (58.1) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
< 48 yrs. old | 108 (20.5) | 111 (21.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 61 (17.8) | 60 (18.0) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | |||
≥ 48yrs.old | 110 (20.8) | 144 (28.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 75 (21.9) | 80 (24.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | |||
Continuous | ptrend < 0.004 | ptrend < 0.690 | |||||||
| |||||||||
Duration of HRT use | |||||||||
Never User | 310 (58.9) | 254 (50.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 207 (60.7) | 194 (58.6) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
> 0– ≤ 5 yrs. | 83 (15.8) | 71 (14.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | 55 (16.1) | 57 (17.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | |||
> 5 yrs. | 133 (25.3) | 180 (35.6) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 79 (23.2) | 80 (24.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | |||
Continuous | ptrend < 0.057 | ptrend < 0.566 | |||||||
| |||||||||
Years since last HRT use | |||||||||
Non User | 310 (60.5) | 254 (50.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 207 (63.1) | 194 (59.5) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
Current User | 163 (31.8) | 190 (37.9) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 89 (27.1) | 103 (31.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | |||
Former (≥1yr) | 39 (7.6) | 57 (11.4) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 32 (9.8) | 29 (8.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | |||
Continuous | ptrend < 0.771 | ptrend < 0.696 | |||||||
| |||||||||
Age at menarchee | |||||||||
<13 yrs. old | 178 (43.3) | 120 (41.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 104 (47.9) | 112 (43.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 78 (51.0) | 103 (45.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
13–15 yrs. old | 206 (50.1) | 155 (53.4) | 1.0 (ref) | 100 (46.1) | 130 (50.2) | 1.0 (ref) | 68 (44.4) | 112 (49.1) | 1.0 (ref) |
>15 yrs. old | 27 (6.6) | 15 (5.2) | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 13 (6.0) | 17 (6.6) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 7 (4.6) | 13 (5.7) | 1.2 (0.4–3.2) |
Continuous | ptrend < 0.346 | ptrend < 0.128 | ptrend < 0.382 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Menopause typef | |||||||||
Non surgical or medication induced | 329 (46.4) | 329 (59.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 208 (40.5) | 197 (33.2) | 1.0 (ref) | 35 (15.6) | 48 (14.1) | 1.0 (ref) |
All surgical types | 182 (25.7) | 162 (29.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 121 (23.6) | 121 (20.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 23 (10.3) | 40 (11.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) |
Bilateral oophorectomy | 30 (4.2) | 20 (3.6) | 0.6 (0.4–1.2) | 21 (4.1) | 21 (3.5) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 3 (1.3) | 4 (1.2) | 1.0 (0.2–4.6) |
Unilateral oophorectomy | 91 (12.8) | 87 (15.7) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 57 (11.1) | 57 (9.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 10 (4.5) | 15 (4.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) |
Hysterectomy | 56 (7.9) | 50 (9.0) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 40 (7.8) | 41 (6.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 9 (4.0) | 21 (6.2) | 1.7 (0.7–4.1) |
| |||||||||
Age at natural menopause | |||||||||
<40 yrs.old | 14 (4.4) | 11(3.4) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 12 (6.0) | 5 (2.6) | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ** |
40–54 yrs. old | 255 (79.4) | 249 (77.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 159 (79.1) | 166 (84.7) | 1.0 (ref) | 32 (91.4) | 47(97.9) | 1.0 (ref) |
≥ 55 yrs. old | 52 (16.2) | 61 (19.0) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 30 (14.9) | 25 (12.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ** |
Continuous | ptrend < 0.768 | ptrend < 0.595 | ** | ||||||
| |||||||||
Age at surgical menopause | |||||||||
<40 yrs.old | 16 (53.3) | 10 (50.0) | 0.8 (0.2–2.7) | 11 (52.4) | 14 (66.7) | 1.9 (0.5–7.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ** |
40–54 yrs. old | 13 (43.3) | 10 (50.0) | 1.0 (ref) | 10 (47.6) | 7 (33.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 3 (100.0) | 4 (100.0) | 1.0 (ref) |
≥ 55 yrs. old | ** | ** | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ** | ||||
Continuous | ptrend < 0.331 | ptrend < 0.707 | ** | ||||||
| |||||||||
Parityg | |||||||||
0 | 71 (11.8) | 53 (10.6) | 1.0 (ref) | 49 (12.1) | 73 (14.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 34 (17.0) | 50 (16.4) | 1.0 (ref) |
1–2 | 291 (48.3) | 221 (44.1) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 203 (50.0) | 256 (52.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.3) | 123 (61.5) | 184 (60.3) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
3–4 | 185 (30.7) | 177 (35.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 115 (28.3) | 139 (28.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 37 (18.5) | 64 (21.0) | 1.2 (0.6–2.1) |
≥ 5 | 55 (9.1) | 50 (10.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 39 (9.6) | 22 (4.5) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 6 (3.0) | 7 (2.3) | 0.7 (0.2–2.4) |
Continuous | ptrend < 0.252 | ptrend < 0.199 | ptrend < 0.906 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Duration of ovulationh | |||||||||
≤ 29 years | 19 (11.0) | 11 (7.3) | 1.0 (ref) | 10 (16.1) | 6 (10.9) | 1.0 (ref) | 4 (14.3) | 4 (10.8) | 1.0 (ref) |
> 29–35 years | 49 (28.3) | 34 (22.5) | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) | 19 (30.6) | 16 (29.1) | 1.1 (0.3–3.8) | 11 (39.3) | 12 (32.4) | 1.1 (0.2–6.3) |
> 35–39 years | 59 (34.1) | 63 (41.7) | 1.8 (0.7–4.1) | 21 (33.9) | 26 (47.3) | 2.2 (0.6–7.6) | 13 (46.4) | 18 (48.6) | 2.0 (0.3–12.5) |
> 39 years | 46 (26.6) | 43 (28.5) | 1.5 (0.6–3.7) | 12 (19.4) | 7 (12.7) | 1.5 (0.3–6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (8.1) | ** |
Continuous | ptrend < 0.270 | ptrend < 0.581 | ptrend < 0.103 |
Early-onset BCC defined as age ≤ 50 at time of diagnosis.
Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for reference age and skin sensitivity to first solar exposure.
Oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy questions were administered beginning on the 5th of October, 1995.
Hormone replacement therapies are restricted to those women who have begun menopause.
Age of menarche was administered beginning on the 1st of July 2000.
Menopause induced by medication, or non-surgical therapies were excluded from this analysis.
Gravidity and parity questions were administered beginning on the 1st of July 1998.
Endogenous estrogen exposure was calculated as the number of years between menarche and menopause in women who had reached menopause without surgery or medication therapy.