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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2014 Dec 18;112(4):696–704. doi: 10.1002/bit.25479

Table I.

Results from the AFM force–distance curve over the range of D-tyrosine concentrations.

Parameters 0 μM 10 μM 25 μM 50 μM
Adhesion force (nN) 61.8 40.2 33.5 28.1
Nonspecific forces (nN) −45.8 −40.5 −28.6 −17.5
Specific forces (nN) 0.9 1.0 2.1 3.3
Separation energy (×10−18 J) 8479.2 3189.8 1452.8 1689.3
Hydrogen bands numbers 847919 318985 145275 168928