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. 2017 May 10;12(5):e0177184. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177184

Table 3. Sensitivity analysis for evaluating bias because of comorbidity by excluding patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and hypoglycemia.

COPD HR (95% CI)
FPG-CV (%) HbA1c-CV (%)
N ≤ 17.3 17.3–34.6 > 34.6 ≤ 8.4 8.4–17.1 > 17.1
Model I 26,830 1.00 1.10 (0.99–1.22) 1.26 (1.13–1.40)*** 1.00 1.14 (1.02–1.26)* 1.14 (1.02–1.27)*
Model II 26,991 1.00 1.08 (0.97–1.20) 1.25 (1.13–1.40)*** 1.00 1.13 (1.02–1.25)* 1.14 (1.03–1.27)*
Model III 25,144 1.00 1.08 (0.97–1.21) 1.24 (1.11–1.39)*** 1.00 1.11 (1.00–1.24) 1.14 (1.02–1.28)*
Model IV 24,579 1.00 1.10 (0.99–1.23) 1.26 (1.12–1.40)*** 1.00 1.10 (0.99–1.22) 1.12 (1.00–1.25)*
Model V 27,175 1.00 1.10 (0.99–1.22) 1.26 (1.14–1.41)*** 1.00 1.12 (1.01–1.25)* 1.13 (1.02–1.26)*
Model VI 22,133 1.00 1.09 (0.97–1.22) 1.23 (1.09–1.38)** 1.00 1.08 (0.96–1.22) 1.15 (1.02–1.29)*

*:p<0.05;

**:P<0.01;

***:p<0.001.

Multivariate adjusted for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, duration of diabetes,type of hypoglycemic drug, hypertension drug treatment, use of glucocorticoids, obesity, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cancer, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetic retinopathy, hypoglycemia, pneumonia, other diseases of the upper respiratory tract and acute respiratory infections, baseline fasting glucose, and HbA1c.

Model I excluding patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK) (N = 427).

Model II excluding patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (N = 266).

Model III excluding patients with coronary artery disease (N = 2113).

Model IV excluding patients with chronic hepatitis (N = 2678).

Model V excluding patients with hypoglycemia (N = 82).

Model VI excluding patients with HHNK, DKA, coronary artery disease, chronic hepatitis, and hypoglycemia. (N = 5124).