Table 3. Sensitivity analysis for evaluating bias because of comorbidity by excluding patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and hypoglycemia.
COPD HR (95% CI) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FPG-CV (%) | HbA1c-CV (%) | ||||||
N | ≤ 17.3 | 17.3–34.6 | > 34.6 | ≤ 8.4 | 8.4–17.1 | > 17.1 | |
Model I | 26,830 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 1.26 (1.13–1.40)*** | 1.00 | 1.14 (1.02–1.26)* | 1.14 (1.02–1.27)* |
Model II | 26,991 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 1.25 (1.13–1.40)*** | 1.00 | 1.13 (1.02–1.25)* | 1.14 (1.03–1.27)* |
Model III | 25,144 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.24 (1.11–1.39)*** | 1.00 | 1.11 (1.00–1.24) | 1.14 (1.02–1.28)* |
Model IV | 24,579 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.99–1.23) | 1.26 (1.12–1.40)*** | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 1.12 (1.00–1.25)* |
Model V | 27,175 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 1.26 (1.14–1.41)*** | 1.00 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25)* | 1.13 (1.02–1.26)* |
Model VI | 22,133 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 1.23 (1.09–1.38)** | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | 1.15 (1.02–1.29)* |
*:p<0.05;
**:P<0.01;
***:p<0.001.
Multivariate adjusted for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, duration of diabetes,type of hypoglycemic drug, hypertension drug treatment, use of glucocorticoids, obesity, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cancer, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetic retinopathy, hypoglycemia, pneumonia, other diseases of the upper respiratory tract and acute respiratory infections, baseline fasting glucose, and HbA1c.
Model I excluding patients with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK) (N = 427).
Model II excluding patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (N = 266).
Model III excluding patients with coronary artery disease (N = 2113).
Model IV excluding patients with chronic hepatitis (N = 2678).
Model V excluding patients with hypoglycemia (N = 82).
Model VI excluding patients with HHNK, DKA, coronary artery disease, chronic hepatitis, and hypoglycemia. (N = 5124).