Table 1. Clinical-serological features and diagnostic work-up of CD patients on gluten-free diet.
| Patient | Age at onset | Symptoms at onset | Symptoms duration | Symptoms regression | GFD (years) | GFD adherence | Co-morbidities | Antibodies | tTG conversion | Histopathology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 25 | Weight loss, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anemia | More than 3 years | Within 2 years | 7 | 3 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 1 year | 3c |
| 2 | 24 | Weight loss, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anemia | More than 1 year | Within 1 year | 11 | 4 | Hypothiroidism (on hormone replacement therapy) | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3b |
| 3 | 30 | Irritable bowel-like syndrome | More than 3 years | Within 2 years | 8 | 4 | Rosacea | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 4 | 29 | Dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, | More than 3 years | Within 1 year | 6 | 3 | Dyslipidemia | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 5 | 17 | Dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, | More than 1 year | Within 1 year | 15 | 3 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 6 | 27 | Dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, | More than 1 year | Within 1 year | 10 | 3 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 1 year | 3c |
| 7 | 35 | Anemia | More than 1 year | More than 3 years | 5 | 4 | - | tTG, EMA | More than 1 year | 3c |
| 8 | 30 | Elevated transaminases | More than 5 years | Within 1 year | 9 | 3 | - | tTG, EMA | More than 1 year | 3a |
| 9 | 31 | Anemia | More than 1 year | Within 1 year | 8 | 4 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3b |
| 10 | 16 | Weight loss, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anaemia | More than 1 year | Within 2 years | 12 | 3 | Hypothiroidism (on hormone replacement therapy) | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 11 | 21 | None (screening, family history for CD) | - | - | 8 | 3 | Thyroiditis | tTG, EMA | More than 1 year | 3c |
| 12 | 30 | Weight loss, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain | More than 5 years | Within 1 year | 13 | 4 | Rosacea | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 13 | 22 | Anemia | More than 1 year | Within 2 years | 5 | 4 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 14 | 21 | Dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain | More than 5 years | Within 1 year | 8 | 4 | Osteopenia | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 15 | 21 | Dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain | More than 1 year | Within 1 year | 8 | 4 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 16 | 25 | Anemia | More than 1 year | Still present | 5 | 4 | Lactose intolerance | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3b |
| 17 | 42 | None (screening, family history for CD) | - | - | 6 | 4 | - | tTG | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 18 | 35 | Anemia | More than 3 years | Within 1 year | 6 | 4 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 19 | 37 | Anemia | More than 5 years | Still present | 8 | 3 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 6 months | 3c |
| 20 | 27 | Weight loss, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain | More than 3 years | Within 2 years | 9 | 3 | - | tTG, EMA | Within 1 year | 3b |
CD = celiac disease; GFD = gluten-free diet; tTG = tissue transglutaminase antibodies; EMA = endomysial antibodies. Histopathological classification according to the Marsh-Oberhuber grading system [33]: 3a = mild villous flattening; 3b = marked villous flattening; 3c = total villous flattening. The adherence to the gluten-free diet (GFD) is based on a validated score [34]: patients with a score of 0 or 1 do not follow a GFD; patients with a score of 2 follow a GFD but with important errors that require correction; patients with a score of 3 or 4 follow a strict GFD.