Fig. 3.

Determination of lipid peroxidation product, PrOOH, and LOOH by the spectophotometric method, which is based on the reaction of TBA with MDA and Fe³⁺ with xylenol orange (XO) under acidic conditions and the formation of XO-Fe complex absorbing at 532 nm, respectively. a Total MDA (strikethrough square), protein MDA (Pr-MDA) (strikethrough triangle), and free MDA (Fr-MDA) (strikethrough circle). b LOOH represents lipid and other hydrophobic peroxides. c PrOOH representing protein hyderoperoxides. Data represents the mean ± SE; N = 5. Different symbols, double dagger, asterisk, and dagger indicate the significant differences between experimental groups (p < 0.05), while groups with matching symbols denote no difference (p ≥ 0.05)