Table 3.
Currently used drugs for neglected tropical diseases
| Disease | Drug | Route of administration |
|---|---|---|
| Chagas disease | ||
| Benznidazole | Oral | |
| Nifurtimox | Oral | |
| Human African trypanosomiasis | ||
| Early stage | Pentamidine | IV, IM |
| Suramin | IV | |
| Late stage | Melarsoprol | IV |
| Nifurtimox and eflornithine | IV and IV | |
| Leishmaniasis | ||
| Meglumine antimoniate | IL, IV, IM | |
| Sodium stibogluconate | IL, IV, IM | |
| Paromomycin (paromomycin ointment or WR 279396 cream) | Topical, IM | |
| Pentamidine | IV, IM | |
| Amphotericin B deoxycholate | IV | |
| Liposomal amphotericin B | IV | |
| Fluconazole | Oral | |
| Ketoconazole | Oral | |
| Miltefosine | Oral | |
| Buruli ulcer | ||
| Rifampicin and streptomycin | Oral and IM | |
| Alternative compounds: | ||
| Clarithromycin | Oral | |
| Moxifloxacin | Oral | |
| Leprosy | ||
| Multibacillary | Rifampicin and dapsone | Oral and oral |
| Paucibacillary | Rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine | Oral, oral, and oral |
| Trachoma | ||
| Azithromycin | Oral | |
| Tetracycline | Topical | |
| Endemic treponematoses | ||
| Azithromycin | Oral | |
| Penicillin G benzathine | IM | |
| Cysticercosis/taeniasis | ||
| Albendazole | Oral | |
| Praziquantel | Oral | |
| Dracunculiasisa | ||
| Echinococcosis | ||
| Albendazole | Oral | |
| Food-borne trematodiases | ||
| Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis | Praziquantel | Oral |
| Fascioliasis | Triclabendazole | Oral |
| Paragonimiasis | Praziqantel or triclabendazole | Oral and oral |
| Lymphatic filariasis | ||
| Diethylcarbamazine | Oral | |
| Additional treatment: | ||
| Doxycycline | Oral | |
| Ivermectin | Oral | |
| Albendazole | Oral | |
| Onchocerciasis | ||
| Microfilaricidal therapy: | ||
| Ivermectin | Oral | |
| Macrofilaricidal therapy: | ||
| Doxycycline followed by ivermectin | Oral and oral | |
| Schistosomiasis | ||
| Praziquantel | Oral | |
| Soil-transmitted helminthiases | ||
| Albendazole | Oral | |
| Mebendazole | Oral | |
| Pyrantel pamoate | Oral | |
| Dengue and chikungunyab | ||
| Rabiesc | ||
IL intralesional, IM intramuscular, IV intravenous
aFor dracunculiasis, treatment involves removing the adult worm
bTreatment of dengue and chikungunya consists of relieving symptoms
cAfter exposure by an animal that might have rabies, post-exposure anti-rabies vaccination is recommended to prevent rabies infection