TABLE 1—
Shelter, Food Security, Water and Sanitation, and Education by Household Vulnerability Characteristics: Syria, 2016
| Variable | Displaced (n = 1027), No. or % (95% CI) | Not Displaced (n = 1331), No. % (95% CI) | Female-Headed (n = 424), No. % (95% CI) | Male-Headed (n = 1974), No. % (95% CI) | Survey Total (n = 2405), No. % (95% CI) |
| Shelter | |||||
| Residence type | |||||
| Entire apartment or house | 80.7 (76.1, 84.6) | 95.8 (93.9, 97.1) | 86.8 (82.1, 90.4) | 89.8 (87.4, 91.8) | 89.2 (86.8, 91.3) |
| Other (shared or temporary) | 19.3 (15.4, 23.9) | 4.2 (2.9, 6.1) | 13.2 (9.6, 17.9) | 10.2 (8.2, 12.6) | 10.8 (8.7, 13.2) |
| Residence arrangement | |||||
| Own or rent | 76.4 (71.5, 80.8) | 96.8 (95.4, 97.7) | 87.0 (82.6, 90.4) | 88.3 (85.9, 90.4) | 88.1 (85.7, 90.2) |
| Other (e.g., hosted, stay without permission) | 23.6 (19.2, 28.5) | 3.2 (2.3, 4.6) | 13.0 (9.6, 17.4) | 11.7 (9.6, 14.1) | 11.9 (9.8, 14.3) |
| Crowding | |||||
| No crowding | 82.9 (79.7, 85.6) | 92.6 (89.1, 95.0) | 90.1 (86.2, 93.0) | 88.0 (85.4, 90.1) | 88.4 (86.0, 90.4) |
| Crowding (≥ 5 people/sleeping room) | 17.1 (14.4, 20.3) | 7.4 (5.0, 10.9) | 9.9 (7.0, 13.8) | 12.0 (9.9, 14.6) | 11.6 (9.6, 14.0) |
| Condition of accommodation | |||||
| No repair or safety concern | 50.8 (45.3, 56.3) | 70.8 (65.6, 75.6) | 62.0 (55.7, 68.0) | 62.1 (57.5, 66.5) | 62.1 (57.8, 66.2) |
| Concern(s) with accommodation | 49.2 (43.7, 54.7) | 29.2 (24.4, 34.4) | 38.0 (32.0, 44.3) | 37.9 (33.5, 42.5) | 37.9 (33.8, 42.2) |
| Any above shelter concern | 66.4 (61.5, 71.0) | 34.3 (29.2, 39.7) | 46.5 (40.6, 52.4) | 48.6 (44.5, 52.8) | 48.3 (44.3, 52.3) |
| Food security | |||||
| Food Consumption Score | |||||
| Acceptable | 68.1 (62.4, 73.2) | 81.7 (78.5, 84.6) | 66.7 (60.6, 72.4) | 78.0 (74.6, 81.0) | 75.9 (72.4, 79.1) |
| Unacceptable | 31.9 (26.8, 37.6) | 18.3 (15.4, 21.5) | 33.3 (27.6, 39.4) | 22.0 (19.0, 25.4) | 24.1 (20.9, 27.6) |
| Household expenditures on food | |||||
| ≤ 74% | 89.8 (84.8, 93.3) | 84.8 (80.8, 88.1) | 89.0 (84.1, 92.5) | 86.8 (83.3, 89.6) | 87.2 (84.0, 89.8) |
| ≥ 75% | 10.2 (6.7, 15.2) | 15.2 (11.9, 19.2) | 11.0 (7.5, 15.9) | 13.2 (10.4, 16.7) | 12.8 (10.2, 16.0) |
| Extreme coping mechanisms usea | |||||
| No extreme coping strategies reported | 36.1 (31.0, 41.5) | 53.3 (48.4, 58.3) | 44.6 (38.2, 51.1) | 46.1 (41.8, 50.4) | 45.7 (41.7, 49.9) |
| Use of extreme coping strategies | 63.9 (58.5, 69.0) | 46.7 (41.7, 51.6) | 55.4 (48.9, 61.8) | 53.9 (49.6, 58.2) | 54.3 (50.1, 58.3) |
| Any above food security concern | 73.8 (69.4, 77.8) | 58.7 (54.1, 63.1) | 68.4 (62.5, 73.8) | 64.5 (60.6, 68.2) | 65.3 (61.6, 68.8) |
| Water and sanitation | |||||
| Regular water access | |||||
| Regular access to running water | 63.4 (56.2, 70.1) | 63.8 (56.2, 70.8) | 57.9 (48.7, 66.6) | 64.8 (58.6, 70.6) | 63.6 (57.3, 69.6) |
| No access to running water 24 h/d | 36.6 (29.9, 43.8) | 36.2 (29.2, 43.8) | 42.1 (33.4, 51.3) | 35.2 (29.4, 41.4) | 36.4 (30.4, 42.7) |
| Disruptions in water access (3 mo) | |||||
| No extended disruptions | 49.7 (42.6, 56.7) | 53.7 (46.7, 60.5) | 46.3 (38.3, 54.6) | 53.3 (47.5, 59.1) | 52.0 (46.1, 57.9) |
| No access for several d at a time | 50.3 (43.3, 57.4) | 46.3 (39.5, 53.3) | 53.7 (45.4, 61.7) | 46.7 (40.9, 52.5) | 48.0 (42.1, 53.9) |
| Toilet facilitiesb | |||||
| Improved toilet facility or sanitation | 81.0 (74.7, 85.9) | 89.9 (86.0, 92.8) | 84.6 (78.0, 89.6) | 86.5 (82.8, 89.6) | 86.1 (82.3, 89.2) |
| Unimproved toilet facility or sanitation | 19.0 (14.1, 25.3) | 10.1 (7.2, 14.0) | 15.4 (10.4, 22.0) | 13.5 (10.4,17.2) | 13.9 (10.8, 17.7) |
| Shared toilet facilities | |||||
| Private toilet facility | 90.9 (88.2, 93.1) | 96.5 (95.3, 97.5) | 93.4 (90.5, 95.5) | 94.2 (92.7, 95.3) | 94.0 (92.6, 95.2) |
| Shared toilet facility | 9.1 (6.9, 11.8) | 3.5 (2.5, 4.7) | 6.6 (4.5, 9.5) | 5.8 (4.7, 7.3) | 6.0 (4.8, 7.4) |
| Soap and hygiene products | |||||
| Adequate supply | 76.0 (72.1, 79.6) | 84.7 (81.5, 87.4) | 76.1 (71.7, 80.0) | 81.9 (79.0, 84.5) | 80.9 (78.2, 83.4) |
| Inadequate supply | 24.0 (20.4, 27.9) | 15.3 (12.6, 18.5) | 23.9 (20.0, 28.3) | 18.1 (15.5, 21.0) | 19.1 (16.6, 21.8) |
| Any above WASH concern | 70.0 (63.0, 76.2) | 63.0 (56.4, 69.2) | 71.9 (64.8, 78.1) | 64.8 (59.1, 70.2) | 66.2 (60.6, 71.3) |
| Education | |||||
| Overall school attendancec | 690 | 622 | 181 | 1155 | 1342 |
| All children attending school | 77.8 (73.8, 81.4) | 89.7 (86.6, 92.2) | 79.0 (71.9, 84.7) | 84.2 (81.7, 86.5) | 83.5 (80.8, 85.9) |
| ≥ 1 child not attending | 22.2 (18.6, 26.2) | 10.3 (7.8, 13.4) | 21.0 (15.3, 28.1) | 15.8 (13.5, 18.3) | 16.5 (14.1, 19.2) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; WASH = water, sanitation, and hygiene.
a
Including reducing portion size; reducing number of meals eaten per day; reduced adult consumption to allow children to eat; restricting consumption of female household members; going entire days without eating; selling household assets, productive assets, house, or land; withdrawing children from school; involving children in income generation; engaging in high-risk or socially degrading jobs; sending members to eat elsewhere; and child marriage.
b
Definitions of improved versus unimproved per World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. Unimproved toilet facilities included pit latrine without slab, open pit or ditch, and open air or no toilet.23
c
Among households with school-aged children, aged 5–17 years.