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. 2017 May 11;7:46616. doi: 10.1038/srep46616

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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Histological scores of colon (A) and ileum (B) after MS were graded by three blinded investigators. MS induced histological injury in colon but not in ileum. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels in plasma (ng/ml) after MS were elevated compared to control (C). Schematic representation of CRH receptors and receptor inhibitors (D): Antalarmin (CRHR1 antagonist), Astressin (non-specific CRHR antagonist), and Astressin-2β (CRHR2 antagonist). The relative expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (E), TNFα (F) and iNOS (G) were quantified by qPCR. MS increased IL6, TNFa and iNOS levels. These effects were inhibited by Antalarmin and Astressin. Conversely, Astressin-2β did not have an effect on MS-induced inflammation. Results are presented as means, ±SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant.