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. 2017 May 11;7:46616. doi: 10.1038/srep46616

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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Quantitative PCR analysis of intestinal microflora composition in each experimental group. Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (A), relative expressions of Bacteroidetes (B), and Firmicutes (C) 16 S ribosomal RNA genes. The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (A) was elevated by MS, and restored to control levels by Antalarmin and Astressin administration, but not Astressin-2β. The relative expression of Bacteroidetes (B) was significantly reduced following MS compared to control, and remained at this reduced level in all three treatment groups. There was no difference in Firmicutes levels (C) observed in all experimental groups. Results are expressed as means, ±SD. p < 0.05 was considered significant.