Table 4.
Risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency (n = 290)
| Characteristics | Total | Vit D deficiency | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deficient (<20 ng/ml) N (%) |
Not deficient (20–100 ng/ml) N (%) |
COR (95% CI) | p values | AOR (95% CI) | p values | ||
| Total | 290 | 134 (46.2) | 156 (53.8) | ||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 141 | 56 (39.7) | 85 (60.3) | 1 | |||
| Female | 149 | 78 (52.3) | 71 (47.7) | 1.7 (1.0–2.7) | 0.03 | 2.3 (1.3–3.9) | 0.002 |
| Residence | |||||||
| Rural | 110 | 36 (32.7) | 74 (67.3) | 1 | |||
| Urban | 180 | 98 (54.4) | 82 (45.6) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | <0.001 | 3.0 (1.7–5.3) | <0.001 |
| Age group | |||||||
| <15 | 81 | 25 (30.9) | 56 (69.1) | 1 | |||
| 15–24 | 60 | 22 (36.7) | 38 (63.3) | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | 0.227 | 1.0 (0.5–2.1) | 0.995 |
| 25–34 | 63 | 32 (50.8) | 31 (45.2) | 2.0 (1.0–4.1) | 0.054 | 1.6 (0.7–3.4) | 0.252 |
| 35–44 | 37 | 20 (54.1) | 17 (45.9) | 3.9 (1.7–9.2) | 0.002 | 4.5 (1.8–11.3) | 0.001 |
| 45–54 | 23 | 15 (65.2) | 8 (34.8) | 4.9 (1.7–14.2) | 0.004 | 5.8 (1.8–18.6) | 0.003 |
| 55+ | 26 | 20 (76.9) | 6 (23.1) | 7.6 (2.5–22.9) | <0.001 | 7.5 (2.3–24.2) | 0.001 |
N number, COR crude odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, Vit D vitamin D, CI confidence interval