Table 2. Characteristics of the 110 school children and adolescents to whom the OGTT was administered.
| Characteristics | Total | NGT | IGT | DM | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-total | T2DM | SPIDDM | |||||
| No. of subjects | 110 | 49 (44.5) | 21 (19.1) | 40 (36.4) | 39 (97.5) | 1 (2.5) | |
| Age, yr | 14.60 ± 2.88 | 15.06 ± 2.97 | 13.64 ± 3.13 | 14.52 ± 2.52 | 14.61 ± 2.49 | 11.04 | 0.164 |
| School level | 0.095 | ||||||
| Elementary | 29 (26.4) | 9 (18.4) | 9 (42.9) | 11 (27.5) | 10 | 1 | |
| Middle | 29 (26.4) | 11 (22.4) | 5 (23.8) | 13 (32.5) | 13 | 0 | |
| High | 52 (47.3) | 29 (59.2) | 7 (33.3) | 16 (40.0) | 16 | 0 | |
| Sex (man:woman) | 47:63 | 27:22 | 7:14 | 13:27 | 12:27 | 1:0 | 0.030 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.41 ± 5.11 | 21.45 ± 4.27* | 24.62 ± 6.27† | 25.26 ± 4.88† | 25.27 ± 4.94 | 24.87 | 0.001 |
| Family history of diabetes in 1st degree relatives | 47 (42.7) | 17 (34.7) | 8 (38.1) | 22 (55.0) | 21 (53.8) | 1 (100.0) | 0.058 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) | 34 (31.5) | 7 (14.6) | 11 (52.4) | 16 (40.0) | 15 (38.5) | 1 (100.0) | 0.006 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 169.63 ± 32.50 | 159.12 ± 25.21* | 166.95 ± 27.96*,† | 183.48 ± 37.81† | 183.62 ± 38.29 | 178.00 | 0.001 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 49.31 ± 12.82 | 53.51 ± 13.17* | 47.38 ± 12.14*,† | 45.10 ± 11.43† | 45.13 ± 11.58 | 44.00 | 0.006 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 98.75 ± 32.08 | 87.20 ± 24.66* | 103.62 ± 29.31*,† | 111.20 ± 36.02† | 111.50± 36.46 | 119.00 | 0.002 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 112.50 ± 66.38 | 87.72 ± 50.57* | 111.14 ± 65.32*,† | 136.05 ± 72.09† | 137.69 ± 72.27 | 72.00 | 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR index | 5.29 ± 7.04 | 2.30 ± 1.51* | 4.41 ± 4.15* | 10.17 ± 10.22† | 10.43 ± 10.35 | 3.06 | 0.000 |
| HbA1c | 0.000 | ||||||
| mmol/mol | 52 ± 25 | 36 ± 3* | 44 ± 12* | 76 ± 26† | 77 ± 26 | 63 | |
| % | 6.95 ± 2.27 | 5.43 ± 0.26* | 6.21 ± 1.13* | 9.12 ± 2.34† | 9.15 ± 2.36 | 7.90 | |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 7.04 ± 3.60 | 4.98 ± 0.40* | 5.44 ± 0.93* | 10.43 ± 4.21† | 10.56 ± 4.19 | 5.14 | 0.000 |
| Two-hour OGTT, mmol/L | 11.67 ± 7.22 | 6.26 ± 0.88* | 9.07 ± 1.29† | 19.64 ±6.27‡ | 19.69 ± 6.35 | 17.93 | 0.000 |
| Fasting glucosuria (+) | 37 (33.9) | 9 (18.4) | 3 (14.3) | 25 (62.5) | 25 (64.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.000 |
| GADA (+) | 14 (12.7) | 6 (12.2) | 3 (14.3) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.1) | 1 (100.0) | 0.662 |
| GADA, U/mL | 1.28 ± 8.29 | 0.39 ± 0.57 | 0.28 ± 0.32 | 2.75 ± 13.26 | 0.33 ± 0.56 | 72.91 | 0.469 |
| Insulin, mIU/mL | 15.80 ± 16.36 | 10.43 ± 6.97* | 17.23 ± 13.28*,† | 22.43 ± 29.05† | 22.69 ± 29.59 | 13.41 | 0.038 |
| C-peptide, ng/mL | 2.52 ± 1.46 | 1.98 ± 0.75* | 2.64 ± 1.39*,† | 3.14 ± 1.85† | 3.14 ± 1.87 | 2.97 | 0.001 |
The data are presented as mean ± SD values or number (%). Statistical significance of differences variance among 3 groups (NGT, IGT, and DM) was tested using one-way ANOVA analysis.
OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test, NGT = normal glucose tolerance, IGT = impaired glucose tolerance, T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus, SPIDDM = slowly progressive insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, BMI = body mass index, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin, GADA = anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, SD = standard deviation, DM = diabetes mellitus, ANOVA = analysis of variance.
*,†,‡Identical superscript letters indicate a non-significant difference between the groups based on the Tukey multiple comparison test.