Table 3. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of TBI patients before and after neurointensivist co-management.
| Parameters | Before (n = 70) | After (n = 82) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 57.0 ± 25.8 | 64.2 ± 15.2 | 0.045 |
| Gender, man | 48 (68.6) | 53 (68.3) | 0.971 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (17.1) | 23 (28.0) | 0.111 |
| Hypertension | 21 (30.0) | 37 (45.1) | 0.056 |
| Malignancy | 13 (18.6) | 18 (22.0) | 0.606 |
| Dyslipidemia | 12 (17.1) | 29 (35.4) | 0.012 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (2.9) | 8 (9.8) | 0.109 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2 (2.9) | 6 (7.3) | 0.289 |
| Previous TIA or stroke | 6 (8.6) | 2 (2.4) | 0.144 |
| IMPACT | |||
| Core model | 5.9 ± 4.3 | 5.6 ± 3.5 | 0.669 |
| Extended model* | 8.1 ± 6.3 | 8.3 ± 4.7 | 0.807 |
| Lab model† | 11.6 ± 7.2 | 11.8 ± 5.2 | 0.836 |
| Marshall CT grade | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 0.137 |
| APACHE II score on ICU admission | 14.9 ± 7.7 | 14.5 ± 6.2 | 0.635 |
| GCS on ICU admission | 10.2 ± 4.3 | 11.1 ± 3.8 | 0.162 |
| Need for mechanical ventilator | 40 (57.1) | 42 (51.2) | 0.465 |
| Need for renal replacement therapy | 1 (1.4) | 8 (9.8) | 0.030 |
| Need for invasive ICP monitoring | 6 (8.6) | 12 (14.6) | 0.249 |
| Need for vasopressor | 12 (17.1) | 18 (22.0) | 0.458 |
| Mean blood pressure on ICU admission, mmHg | 77.5 ± 10.3 | 76.7 ± 9.7 | 0.634 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilator, day | 4.9 ± 4.2 | 13.2 ± 14.7 | 0.001 |
| Duration of renal replacement therapy, day | 2.0 | 9.4 ± 3.9 | - |
| Duration of invasive ICP monitoring, day | 7.3 ± 4.0 | 5.3 ± 4.8 | 0.394 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU mortality | 16 (22.9) | 7 (8.5) | 0.014 |
| 30-day mortality | 19 (27.1) | 9 (11.0) | 0.010 |
| Hospital mortality | 20 (28.6) | 12 (14.6) | 0.036 |
| LOS in ICU, day | 5.2 ± 7.4 | 7.1 ± 10.4 | 0.197 |
| LOS in hospital, day | 27.4 ± 26.3 | 60.3 ± 91.4 | 0.002 |
Values are presented as number of patients (%) or mean ± SD.
TBI = traumatic brain injury, TIA = transient ischemic attack, IMPACT = International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials, CT = computed tomography, APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, LOS = length of stay, ICU = intensive care unit, ICP = intracranial pressure, SD = standard deviation.
*Core plus hypoxia, hypotension, and CT characteristics. †Extended plus glucose and hemoglobin.