Capsinoids (6 mg per day for 12 weeks) |
2009 |
U.S.A. |
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial |
Overweight individuals |
30.6 ± 2.4 |
N=80 |
42 ± 8 |
Body weight decreased 0.92 kg; abdominal fat decreased 1.11% |
None |
Increase in fat oxidation and genetic polymorphisms |
Snitker et al. [35] |
Red pepper (capsaicin 10 g single meal) |
1999 |
Canada |
Prospective study |
Healthy individuals |
25.3 ± 4.7 |
N=23 |
25.8 ± 2.8 |
Decreased appetite |
None |
Increase in sympathetic nervous system activity |
Yoshioka et al. [40] |
Capsinoids (10 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks) |
2007 |
Japan |
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial |
Men and postmenopausal women |
>23 |
N=48 |
30–65 |
Body weight tended to decrease during the 2- to 4-week period |
None |
Increased VO2, energy expenditure, and fat oxidation |
Inoue et al. [37] |
Capsaicin (135 mg per day for 3 months) |
2003 |
Netherlands |
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study |
Moderately overweight subjects |
29.3 ± 2.5 |
N=140 |
18–60 |
Significant increase in resting energy expenditure |
None |
More sustained fat oxidation |
Lejeune et al. [36] |
Capsinoids (9 mg per day for 8 weeks) |
2016 |
Japan |
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study |
College students |
21.4 ± 1.8 |
N=20 |
20.7 ± 1.2 |
Increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) density |
None |
Increased BAT activity |
Nirengi et al. [43] |