Table 3.
Association of maternal risk factors with gestational diabetes mellitus, after adjustment for treatment group (Relative rates (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals)
| n | RR | 95 % CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age at enrolment* | 372 | 1·11 | 1·03, 1·20 | 0·004 |
| Maternal BMI at enrolment (kg/m2)† | 371 | 1·11 | 1·08, 1·15 | <0·0001 |
| Family history of diabetes | 67/373 | 1·13 | 0·55, 2·33 | 0·74 |
| Ethnicity | 373 | |||
| European | 293 | 1·00 | ||
| Maori | 46 | 1·49 | 0·69, 3·22 | 0·31 |
| Pacific | 7 | 3·05 | 0·92, 10·07 | 0·07 |
| Asian | 26 | 1·62 | 0·62, 4·22 | 0·32 |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | 37/367 | 1·19 | 0·50, 2·83 | 0·70 |
| Systemic antibiotic use since enrolment | 49/372 | 1·78 | 0·91, 3·49 | 0·09 |
| Previous pregnancy (of any duration) | 259/372 | 1·30 | 0·66, 2·56 | 0·45 |
| Among women with any previous pregnancy (259/372) | ||||
| Number of miscarriages‡ | 259 | 1·12 | 0·78, 1·62 | 0·54 |
| Previous pregnancy >20 weeks | 216/372 | 1·24 | 0·68, 2·26 | 0·47 |
| Among women with previous pregnancies ≥20 weeks (216/372) | ||||
| Previous gestational diabetes | 12/216 | 6·59 | 3·95, 11·01 | <0·0001 |
| Macrosomia§ in previous child | 35/213 | 0·66 | 0·19, 2·35 | 0·53 |
*
For each additional year of age.
†
For each additional BMI unit; two values >45 truncated at 45 to ensure model fit.
‡
For each additional miscarriage.
§
Birth weight ≥4000 g.