Table 1.
PTSD criteria and symptom mapping for different diagnostic conceptualizations
| Symptom criteria | DSM-5 | ICD-11 model 1 | ICD-11 model 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intrusive memories | Re-experiencing | Re-experiencing a | |
| Nightmares | Re-experiencing | Re-experiencing | Re-experiencing |
| Flashbacks | Re-experiencing | Re-experiencing | Re-experiencing |
| Psychological reactivity to reminders | Re-experiencing | ||
| Physiological reactivity to reminders | Re-experiencing | ||
| Avoidance of thoughts/feelings | Avoidance | Avoidance | Avoidance |
| Avoidance of situations/people | Avoidance | Avoidance | Avoidance |
| Trauma-related amnesia | Cognition and mood | ||
| Negative beliefs | Cognition and mood | ||
| Blame | Cognition and mood | ||
| Pervasive negative emotional state | Cognition and mood | ||
| Loss of interest | Cognition and mood | ||
| Feeling detached | Cognition and mood | ||
| Difficulty experiencing positive emotions | Cognition and mood | ||
| Irritability or anger outbursts | Hyperarousal | ||
| Reckless behaviour | Hyperarousal | ||
| Hypervigilance | Hyperarousal | Hyperarousal | Hyperarousal |
| Exaggerated startle response | Hyperarousal | Hyperarousal | Hyperarousal |
| Difficulty concentrating | Hyperarousal | ||
| Sleep difficulties | Hyperarousal |
PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition; ICD-11, International Classification of Diseases-11.
a
For a re-experiencing symptom to be considered as being present, a score of 4 (most of the time) is required. For all other symptoms, a score of 3 or 4 is required. Diagnostic algorithms: DSM-5: ⩾2 re-experiencing, ⩾1 avoidance, ⩾2 cognition and mood, and ⩾2 hyperarousal; ICD-11 versions 1 and 2: ⩾1 re-experiencing, ⩾1 avoidance, and ⩾1 hyperarousal.