Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| Variable | Control (n=35) | Early psychosis (n=43) | Chronic psychosis (n=83) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 32.06±8.64* | 31.63±11.10* | 42.10±9.72 | <0.001 |
| Sex, male/female | 16/19 | 22/21 | 47/36 | 0.538 |
| Education | ||||
| Elementary school | 0 | 0 | 5 (6.0) | 0.232 |
| High school | 13 (37.1) | 20 (46.5) | 32 (38.6) | |
| University or higher | 22 (62.9) | 23 (53.5) | 46 (55.4) | |
| Number of cigarettes/day | 0 | 3.88±7.53† | 3.28±7.04† | 0.017 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Student | 10 (28.6) | 9 (20.9) | 11 (13.3) | <0.001‡ |
| Unemployed | 12 (34.3) | 24 (55.8) | 62 (74.7) | |
| Employed | 13 (37.1) | 10 (23.3) | 10 (12.0) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 16 (45.7) | 33 (76.8) | 50 (60.2) | 0.012‡ |
| Married | 19 (54.3) | 7 (16.3) | 25 (30.1) | |
| Married but separated, or divorced | 0 | 3 (7.0) | 6 (7.2) | |
| Widowed | 0 | 0 | 2 (2.4) | |
| Chlorpromazine equivalent (mg/day) | 0*,§ | 311.50±320.85* | 641.76±445.70†,§ | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | - | 7 (16.3) | 28 (33.7) | 0.039 |
| Disease characteristics | ||||
| DI | - | 34.49±45.27 | 172.27±90.40 | <0.001 |
| CGI-C | - | 1.98±0.94 | 2.78±1.10 | <0.001 |
| CDSS | - | 3.35±3.86 | 2.18±2.96 | 0.061 |
| Positive PANSS | - | 13.12±7.31 | 12.06±5.45 | 0.362 |
| Negative PANSS | - | 12.61±6.20 | 13.76±5.18 | 0.299 |
| General PANSS | - | 24.54±8.71 | 21.92±4.79 | 0.031 |
| Total PANSS | - | 50.26±19.29 | 47.74±12.44 | 0.734 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
DI, duration of illness; CGI-C, Clinical Global Impression Scale for Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia; CDSS, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
*
Significantly different from chronic psychosis;
†
significantly different from control;
‡
significantly different among three groups;
§
significantly different from early psychosis.