Table 1.
Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of GSK3 and effects on rodent behavior
| Phenotype | Genetic manipulation | Lithium | Antidepressants | Small molecule GSK3 inhibitors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FST (immobility) | ↓GSK3β +/− or GSK3α−/− | ↓ | ↓ | ↓(CHIR99021, AR-A014418, L803mts) |
| Exploratory behavior (hole pokes) | ↓GSK3+/− | ↓ | No data | No data |
| Elevated zero maze (time in open area) | ↑GSK3+/− | ↑ | ↑ | No data |
| TST (immobility) | ↓GSK3−/− | ↓ | ↓ | No data |
| Novelty suppressed feeding | No data | ↓ | ↓ | No data |
| Novelty induced locomotor activity | ↓GSK3−/− | ↓ | No data | ↓(TDZD-8) |
| Amphetamine induced hyperlocomotion | ↓GSK3β+/− | ↓ | No data | ↓(CHIR99021, TDZD-8, 6-BIO, AR-A014418, SB216763, alsterpaullone) |
GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; FST, forced swim test; TST, tail suspension test.