Table 1.
Characteristics of mothers and their infant (N = 904)1
| Value | |
|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 31.9 (4.0) |
| Gestational age at PUFA measures (weeks), median (95% range ) | 20.5 (18.6, 22.7) |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.4 (4.1) |
| Gestational weight gain, kg, mean (SD) | 10.0 (4.5) |
| Education, n (%) higher education | 574 (64.0) |
| Parity, n (%) nulliparous | 555 (61.4) |
| Total energy intake, kcal, mean (SD) | 2126 (486) |
| Smoking during pregnancy, n yes (%) | 198 (24.1) |
| Folic acid supplement use, n yes (%) | 676 (90.7) |
| Gestational diabetes, n (%) | 10 (1.1) |
| Gestational hypertensive disorders, n (%) | 67 (7.6) |
| Infant characteristics | |
| Males, n (%) | 464 (51.3) |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks), median (95% range ) | 40.3 (35.8, 42.4) |
| Birth weight (g), mean (SD) | 3509 (544) |
| Breastfeeding duration (months), mean (SD) | 4.5 (3.8) |
| Introduction of solid foods n (%) >6 months | 147 (18.3) |
| Infant adiposity characteristics | |
| 1.5 months | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 15.1 (1.4) |
| Total subcutaneous fat mass (mm), mean (SD) | 24.0 (7.3) |
| Central-to-total subcutaneous fat mass ratio, mean (SD) | 0.5 (0.1) |
| Central-to-peripheral subcutaneous fat mass ratio, mean (SD) | 1.0 (0.2) |
| 6 months | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 16.8 (1.3) |
| Total subcutaneous fat mass (mm), mean (SD) | 27.0 (6.4) |
| Central-to-total subcutaneous fat mass ratio, mean (SD) | 0.5 (0.1) |
| Central-to-peripheral subcutaneous fat mass ratio, mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.2) |
| 24 months | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 15.9 (1.3) |
| Total subcutaneous fat mass, mean (SD), mm | 27.3 (7.2) |
| Central-to-total subcutaneous fat mass ratio, mean (SD) | 0.4 (0.1) |
| Central-to-peripheral subcutaneous fat mass ratio, mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.2) |
1
Values represent means (SDs), median (95% range) or number of subjects (valid %). Body mass index = weight/height2. Total subcutaneous fat mass = biceps + triceps + suprailiacal + subscapular skinfold thicknesses.
Central-to-total subcutaneous fat mass ratio = (suprailiacal + subscapular skinfold thicknesses)/total subcutaneous fat mass.
Abbreviations: PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acids; SD: standard deviation.